Now, in the blood, each red blood cell has millions of hemoglobin proteins.

在血液中，每个血红细胞都有数百万的血红蛋。

They are made in the bone marrow and contain a special ion-containing protein called hemoglobin.

它们是在骨髓中形成的，含有一种叫做血红蛋的特殊含离子蛋质。

These disorders are caused by genetic mutations that prevent the normal production of hemoglobin.

这些疾病是由阻止血红蛋正常产的基因突变引起的。

Now hemoglobin is made up of hemes and globins.

血红蛋由血红素与珠蛋构成。

So each hemoglobin can carry four oxygen molecules when it's fully saturated.

所以在和时，每一个血红蛋以携带四个氧分子。

The illnesses are caused by errors in the gene for hemoglobin.

这些疾病是由血红蛋基因缺陷引起的。

But the fact is, hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen isn't always the same.

但事实是，血红蛋对氧气的亲和力并不总是一样的。

Hemoglobin electrophoresis can be done to see which hemoglobin types are present.

血红蛋电泳用来鉴别血红蛋的类型。

Finally, the diagnosis is confirmed by genetic testing to look for hemoglobin gene mutations.

，以通过基因检测寻找异常血红蛋基因进行确诊。

And each of those hemoglobins can bind to four oxygen molecules.

而一个血红蛋能与4个氧分子结合。

Carbon monoxide and oxygen compete to bite hemoglobin in your blood, which stresses the circulatory system.

一氧化碳和氧气争先恐地与血液中的血红蛋结合，这给血液循环系统带来了压力。

Normally, hemoglobin is made up of four globin chains, each bound to a heme group.

正常情况下，血红蛋由4条珠蛋链组成，每条珠蛋链都与一个血红素基团结合。

If there are three defective alpha genes, there's moderate disease, called hemoglobin H, or HbH, disease.

如果有3个α基因异常，则出现中度地中海贫血，即血红蛋H病（HbH病）。

It says that an increase in carbon dioxide results in hemoglobin proteins releasing oxygen into the tissues.

当血液中的二氧化碳增多时，血红蛋会把红细胞绑定的氧气释放到人体组织中去。

Most important among these are oxygen molecules, which bind to the hemoglobin in your red blood cells.

其中重要的就是氧分子，氧分子与红细胞中的血红蛋结合。

Anyway, this one, what does the oxygen dissociation curve for hemoglobin look like, comparing maternal versus fetal.

无论如何，这个，血红蛋的氧解离曲线是什么样子的，比较母亲和胎儿的。

Sickle cell disease is caused by defective hemoglobin, which is the oxygen-carrying protein in red blood cells.

镰状细胞病是由有缺陷的血红蛋引起，者是红细胞中的携氧蛋。

When red blood cells do not have enough hemoglobin, oxygen doesn't get to all parts of the body.

当红细胞没有足够的血红蛋时，氧气就无法到达身体的各个部位。

To treat sickle cell disease, researchers used CRISPR to make the body produce the fetal form of hemoglobin.

为了治疗镰状细胞病，研究人员使用 CRISPR 使身体产胎儿形式的血红蛋。

The modified cells are then infused back into the body to allow it to start producing functioning hemoglobin.

然将修改的细胞注入体内，使其开始产功能正常的血红蛋。