Different hemoglobins have different combinations of these chains.

不同的蛋白是肽链的不同组合。

When red blood cells do not have enough hemoglobin, oxygen doesn't get to all parts of the body.

当细胞没有足够的蛋白时，氧气就无法到达身体的各部位。

Now, in the blood, each red blood cell has millions of hemoglobin proteins.

在液中，每细胞都有数百万的蛋白。

These disorders are caused by genetic mutations that prevent the normal production of hemoglobin.

这些疾病是由阻止蛋白正产的基因突变引起的。

And each of those hemoglobins can bind to four oxygen molecules.

而一蛋白能与4氧分子结合。

Normally, hemoglobin is made up of four globin chains, each bound to a heme group.

正情况下，蛋白由4条珠蛋白链组成，每条珠蛋白链都与一素基团结合。

They are made in the bone marrow and contain a special ion-containing protein called hemoglobin.

它们是在骨髓中形成的，含有一种叫做蛋白的特殊含离子蛋白质。

Hemoglobin electrophoresis can be done to see which hemoglobin types are present.

蛋白电泳可用来鉴别蛋白的类型。

They also have a special type of hemoglobin, the molecule in the blood that transports oxygen.

他们同时有着一种特殊的蛋白，这种分子在液中负责运输氧气。

Carbon monoxide and oxygen compete to bite hemoglobin in your blood, which stresses the circulatory system.

一氧化碳和氧气争先恐后地与液中的蛋白结合，这给液循环系统带来了压力。

These four globin chains combine in different ways to give rise to different kinds of hemoglobin.

这四种珠蛋白链以不同的方式结合，形成不同类型的蛋白。

It says that an increase in carbon dioxide results in hemoglobin proteins releasing oxygen into the tissues.

当液中的二氧化碳增多时，蛋白会把细胞绑定的氧气释放到人体组织中去。

Sickle cell disease is caused by defective hemoglobin, which is the oxygen-carrying protein in red blood cells.

镰状细胞病是由有缺陷的蛋白引起，后者是细胞中的携氧蛋白。

Those ions bind to the hemoglobin, changing its shape yet again, further lowering its affinity for oxygen.

这些离子与蛋白结合，再次改变其形状，进一步降低其对氧的亲和力。

One of the adaptations that the body makes after it's been at high altitude is to make more hemoglobin.

在高海拔地区，身体的其中一适应就是制造更多的蛋白。

To treat sickle cell disease, researchers used CRISPR to make the body produce the fetal form of hemoglobin.

为了治疗镰状细胞病，研究人员使用 CRISPR 使身体产胎儿形式的蛋白。

Their hemoglobin is much stickier for oxygen than ours and can pick oxygen up even when it's scarce.

它们的蛋白比我们的更加粘，能够在氧气很稀薄的情况下也能进行收集。

But the fact is, hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen isn't always the same.

但事实是，蛋白对氧气的亲和力并不总是一样的。

Finally, the diagnosis is confirmed by genetic testing to look for hemoglobin gene mutations.

最后，可以通过基因检测寻找异蛋白基因进行确诊。

Anyway, this one, what does the oxygen dissociation curve for hemoglobin look like, comparing maternal versus fetal.

无论如何，这，蛋白的氧解离曲线是什么样子的，比较母亲和胎儿的。