Alexei, the heir to the throne, had a life-threatening blood disease called hemophilia.

阿列克谢是王位的继承人，他得病，这是一种可能会致死的液疾病。

And this deficiency is called hemophilia A (or classic hemophilia).

这种缺乏症也称作病A（甲型病）或者经典病。

In the family of disorders known as hemophilia, a patient can usually complete the first two steps of hemostasis just fine, but they can't make an effective fibrin clot.

在被称为病的疾病家族中，病人通常可以很好地完成止的前两个步骤，但是他们不能制造有效的纤维蛋白凝块。

Today, we know that the doctors had prescribed aspirin, a drug that worsens hemophilia.

现今，我们知道那些医生开的处方是阿。这种药会病恶化。

Hemophilia usually refers to inherited deficiencies of coagulation factors, which can be either quantitative or qualitative.

病通常是指遗传性的凝因子缺乏症，可以是数量或者活性上的缺陷。

In most cases of hemophilia there is a decrease in the amount or function of one or more of the clotting factors that makes secondary hemostasis less effective and allows more bleeding to occur.

在大多数病中，都有一种或多种凝因子在数量上减少或功能上减弱，使次级止过程的功效下降，而出更多。

Finally, it's best for individuals with hemophilia to avoid contact sports and medicines that promote bleeding, like aspirin.

最后对于病患者来说，最好避免接触性运动，不用促进流的药物，如阿。

An insufficient concentration or decreased activity of any coagulation factor can cause hemophilia, except factor XII deficiency which is asymptomatic.

任何凝因子的浓度不够或者活性降低都会引起病，一个例外是缺乏因子XII的话，不会有相关症状出现。

Treatment for hemophilia A and B are done with injections of the missing or nonfunctional clotting factor.

治疗病A和B的方法通常是注射那些缺失或失活的凝因子。

Signs and symptoms hemophilia A and B are nearly clinically identical, which makes sense since factors VIIIa and IXa work together in the coagulation cascade to activate factor X.

病A和B的体征和症状在临床上几乎相同，也说得通，因为因子VIIIa和IXa在凝级联反应中，共同作用以激活因子X。

The youngest of five children, he was born with hemophilia (when blood doesn’t clot).

他是五个孩子中最小的一个， 生来就患有病（当液不凝固时）。

That's  why colorblindness, hemophilia, and muscular dystrophy are much more common in human males.

这就是为什么色盲、病和肌肉萎缩症在男性中更为常见的原因。

By the time HIV was discovered to be a blood-borne virus, many of those suffering from hemophilia already had it, not to mention that many also contracted hepatitis.

当人们发现HIV是一种通过液传播的病毒时，许多病患者已经感染上它，更不用说还有许多人同时感染肝炎。

Disorders that are associated with mutations of X chromosome genes, like colorblindness or hemophilia, are often less severe in individuals with two X chromosomes.

与X染色体基因突变相关的疾病，如色盲或病，在拥有两条X染色体的个体中通常症状较轻。

Okay, so a form of hemophilia that is passed down, and it unfortunately takes, I believe, both parents to pass it on.

好的， 这是一种遗传性病，不幸的是， 据我所知，需要父母双方共同遗传给孩子。

Now, a mimic of hemophilia A is von Willebrand disease, which is an inherited problem with primary hemostasis caused by a deficiency of von Willebrand factor.

还有一种类病A，即管性病，是一种遗传性的初级止障碍，由管性病因子（vWF）缺乏引起。

He needs the fluid drained, but because of his hemophilia, I could kill him trying to save him.

他需要排出液体，但由于他患有病，我可以为救他而杀他。

They did and Green Cross went on to infect 1,800 people with hemophilia with HIV because they were selling them unsterilized blood clotting agents in the 90s.

他们确实这么做，绿十字公在90年代向1800名病患者出售未经消毒的液凝固剂，导致这些患者感染艾滋病病毒。

Women with one mutated gene copy have a remaining healthy copy, so they don't get hemophilia unless X-chromosome inactivation turns off the normal copy in the majority of cells.

携带一个突变基因的女性还有一个健康的基因拷贝，所以她们一般不会患病，除非X染色体失活使得大多数细胞中正常的基因拷贝沉默。

Another common deficiency is deficiency of factor IX, called hemophilia B (which used to be called Christmas disease, named after the first patient who had it, not the holiday).

另一种常见的缺陷是因子IX缺乏症，称作病B（乙型病），以前也称作Christmas病，是以第一个被报道的病患命名，而不是指圣诞节。