Today, we know that the doctors had prescribed aspirin, a drug that worsens hemophilia.

现今，我们知道那些医生开的处方是阿司匹。这种药会让友病恶化。

Alexei, the heir to the throne, had a life-threatening blood disease called hemophilia.

阿列克谢是王位的继承人，他得了友病，这是一种可能会致死的疾病。

Finally, it's best for individuals with hemophilia to avoid contact sports and medicines that promote bleeding, like aspirin.

最后对于友病患者来说，最好避免接触性运动，不用促进流的药物，如阿司匹。

Hemophilia usually refers to inherited deficiencies of coagulation factors, which can be either quantitative or qualitative.

友病通常是指遗传性的因子缺乏症，可以是数量或者活性上的缺。

And this deficiency is called hemophilia A (or classic hemophilia).

这种缺乏症也称作友病A（甲型友病）或者经典友病。

An insufficient concentration or decreased activity of any coagulation factor can cause hemophilia, except factor XII deficiency which is asymptomatic.

任因子的浓度不够或者活性降低都会引起友病，一个例外是缺乏因子XII的话，不会有相关症状出现。

The youngest of five children, he was born with hemophilia (when blood doesn’t clot).

他是五个孩子中最小的一个， 生来就患有友病（当不固时）。

That's  why colorblindness, hemophilia, and muscular dystrophy are much more common in human males.

这就是为什么色盲、友病和肌肉萎缩症在男性中更为常见的原因。

Just before the AIDS crisis broke, a method for treating hemophilia called a clotting factor concentrate was developed.

就在艾滋病危机爆发前夕，一种名为因子浓缩剂的治疗友病方法被研发出来。

He needs the fluid drained, but because of his hemophilia, I could kill him trying to save him.

他需要排出体，但由于他患有友病，我可以为了救他而杀了他。

Treatment for hemophilia A and B are done with injections of the missing or nonfunctional clotting factor.

治疗友病A和B的方法通常是注射那些缺失或失活的因子。

For hemophilia A, desmopressin, also called DDAVP (1-deamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin) is helpful for patients with mild, quantitative factor VIII deficiency.

对于友病A，去氨加压素（DDAVP）有助于治疗轻症因子VIII数量缺乏。

Okay, so a form of hemophilia that is passed down, and it unfortunately takes, I believe, both parents to pass it on.

好的， 这是一种遗传性友病，不幸的是， 据我所知，需要父母双方共同遗传给孩子。

Believe it or not, this is a somewhat simplified version of the coagulation cascade; but, it contains all of the key parts needed to understand hemophilia.

总之，这就是简化版的级联反应，已经包含了理解友病病理所需的关键部分。

Disorders that are associated with mutations of X chromosome genes, like colorblindness or hemophilia, are often less severe in individuals with two X chromosomes.

与X染色体基因突变相关的疾病，如色盲或友病，在拥有两条X染色体的个体中通常症状较轻。

Also, vitamin K deficiency can cause hemophilia since vitamin K is needed by the liver to synthesize and release factors II, VII, IX, and X.

并且维生素K缺乏症也可引起友病，因为维生素K参与肝脏合成及释放因子II、VII、IX和X。

Now, a mimic of hemophilia A is von Willebrand disease, which is an inherited problem with primary hemostasis caused by a deficiency of von Willebrand factor.

还有一种类友病A，即管性友病，是一种遗传性的初级止障碍，由管性友病因子（vWF）缺乏引起。

To confirm hemophilia A or B, tests to look at specific factor activities, and mutation testing of the genes encoding them, can be done.

为确诊友病A或B，可以检测特定因子的活性或进行基因诊断。

Women with one mutated gene copy have a remaining healthy copy, so they don't get hemophilia unless X-chromosome inactivation turns off the normal copy in the majority of cells.

携带一个突变基因的女性还有一个健康的基因拷贝，所以她们一般不会患友病，除非X染色体失活使得大多数细胞中正常的基因拷贝沉默。

In the family of disorders known as hemophilia, a patient can usually complete the first two steps of hemostasis just fine, but they can't make an effective fibrin clot.

在被称为友病的疾病家族中，病人通常可以很好地完成止的前两个步骤，但是他们不能制造有效的纤维蛋白块。