Today, we know that the doctors had prescribed aspirin, a drug that worsens hemophilia.

现今，我们知道那些医生开处方是阿司匹林。这种药会让血友病。

Alexei, the heir to the throne, had a life-threatening blood disease called hemophilia.

阿列克谢是王位继承人，他得了血友病，这是一种可能会致死血液疾病。

Finally, it's best for individuals with hemophilia to avoid contact sports and medicines that promote bleeding, like aspirin.

最后对于血友病患者来说，最好避免接触性运动，不用促进血流药物，如阿司匹林。

Hemophilia usually refers to inherited deficiencies of coagulation factors, which can be either quantitative or qualitative.

血友病通常是指遗传性血因子缺乏症，可以是数量或者活性上缺陷。

And this deficiency is called hemophilia A (or classic hemophilia).

这种缺乏症也称作血友病A（甲型血友病）或者经典血友病。

An insufficient concentration or decreased activity of any coagulation factor can cause hemophilia, except factor XII deficiency which is asymptomatic.

任何血因子浓度不够或者活性降低都会引起血友病，一个例外是缺乏因子XII话，不会有相关症状出现。

The youngest of five children, he was born with hemophilia (when blood doesn’t clot).

他是五个孩子中最小一个， 生来就患有血友病（当血液不）。

He needs the fluid drained, but because of his hemophilia, I could kill him trying to save him.

他需要排出液体，但由于他患有血友病，我可以为了救他而杀了他。

Treatment for hemophilia A and B are done with injections of the missing or nonfunctional clotting factor.

治疗血友病A和B方法通常是注射那些缺失或失活血因子。

For hemophilia A, desmopressin, also called DDAVP (1-deamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin) is helpful for patients with mild, quantitative factor VIII deficiency.

对于血友病A，去氨加压素（DDAVP）有助于治疗轻症因子VIII数量缺乏。

Believe it or not, this is a somewhat simplified version of the coagulation cascade; but, it contains all of the key parts needed to understand hemophilia.

总之，这就是简版血级联反应，已经包含了理解血友病病理所需关键部分。

Also, vitamin K deficiency can cause hemophilia since vitamin K is needed by the liver to synthesize and release factors II, VII, IX, and X.

并且维生素K缺乏症也可引起血友病，因为维生素K参与肝脏合成及释放因子II、VII、IX和X。

Disorders that are associated with mutations of X chromosome genes, like color blindness, or hemophilia, are often less severe in individuals with two X chromosomes.

与 X 染色体基因突变相关疾病，如色盲或血友病，在具有两条 X 染色体个体中通常不太严重。

Now, a mimic of hemophilia A is von Willebrand disease, which is an inherited problem with primary hemostasis caused by a deficiency of von Willebrand factor.

还有一种类血友病A，即血管性血友病，是一种遗传性初级止血障碍，由血管性血友病因子（vWF）缺乏引起。

To confirm hemophilia A or B, tests to look at specific factor activities, and mutation testing of the genes encoding them, can be done.

为确诊血友病A或B，可以检测特定因子血活性或进行基因诊断。

Women with one mutated gene copy have a remaining healthy copy, so they don't get hemophilia unless X-chromosome inactivation turns off the normal copy in the majority of cells.

携带一个突变基因女性还有一个健康基因拷贝，所以她们一般不会患血友病，除非X染色体失活使得大多数细胞中正常基因拷贝沉默。

In the family of disorders known as hemophilia, a patient can usually complete the first two steps of hemostasis just fine, but they can't make an effective fibrin clot.

在被称为血友病疾病家族中，病人通常可以很好地完成止血前两个步骤，但是他们不能制造有效纤维蛋白块。

Another common deficiency is deficiency of factor IX, called hemophilia B (which used to be called Christmas disease, named after the first patient who had it, not the holiday).

另一种常见缺陷是因子IX缺乏症，称作血友病B（乙型血友病），以前也称作Christmas病，是以第一个被报道病患命名，而不是指圣诞节。

Signs and symptoms hemophilia A and B are nearly clinically identical, which makes sense since factors VIIIa and IXa work together in the coagulation cascade to activate factor X.

血友病A和B体征和症状在临床上几乎相同，也说得通，因为因子VIIIa和IXa在血级联反应中，共同作用以激活因子X。

Diagnosis of hemophilia A and B usually starts with lab tests including a platelet count which is usually normal, a prothrombin (PT) time, and a partial thromboplastic (PTT) time.

血友病A和B诊断通常是进行实验检测，包括血小板计数（一般正常）、血酶原间（PT），以及部分血活酶间（PTT）。