So standard treatments for cirrhosis are needed, like lactulose to prevent hepatic encephalopathy.

因此，针对肝硬的标准治疗是必须的，比如使用乳果糖防止肝性脑病。

Diagnosis is done mainly by hepatic venous pressure gradient measurement.

主要通过测量肝静脉压力梯度来完成。

Most commonly, this happens because of hepatic cirrhosis, which is when the liver tissue is replaced by fibrotic functionless tissue.

它大多数由肝硬引起，即肝脏组织被无功能的纤维组织替代。

The fibrotic tissue, pressure buildup, and diversion of blood from the hepatic circulation essentially reduces the number of functional sinusoidal veins, and the number of functional portal triads in general.

纤维组织形成、门静脉高压和肝循环血液分流，最终导致了可用的血窦静脉数量的减少，以及整体上可用的门脉三联管数量减少。

All right, as a quick recap, portal hypertension is when the pressure in the hepatic portal system is greater than 12 mmHg.

得！快速回顾一下：门静脉高压症是指肝门系统压力大于12mmHg。

When your liver isn't detoxifying your blood, these toxins can get into the brain and start causing mental deficits, a condition known as hepatic encephalopathy.

没被降解的毒素跟随血液可以进入大脑，从而引起被称为肝性脑病的精神障碍。

And finally, with hepatic encephalopathy, there may be Asterixis, which means hand tremor when the wrist is extended; altered consciousness, lethargy, seizure, or coma.

最后，如果患有肝性脑病，可能会出现扑翼样震颤，意味患者伸出手腕时，手部出现鸟翼拍击样的屈伸动作，伴有意识不清、嗜睡、癫痫发作或昏迷。

To prevent bleeding from happening again, an interventional radiology technique called TIPS is the preferred procedure to decrease hepatic portal pressure and prevent further complications.

为了防止再次出血，TIPS（经颈静脉肝内门体分流术）这种介入放射技术是首选，以降低肝门压力并预防进一步的并发症。

In addition, there were alterations in hepatic function measures: levels of alkaline phosphatase (68 U per liter), alanine aminotransferase (105 U per liter), aspartate aminotransferase (77 U per liter), and lactate dehydrogenase (465 U per liter) were all elevated on day 5 of hospitalization.

此外，肝功能指标也发生了变：碱性磷酸酶（每升 68 U）、谷丙转氨酶（每升 105 U）、天冬氨酸转氨酶（每升 77 U）和乳酸脱氢酶（每升 465 U）的水平住院第 5 天均升高。

Brazilian researchers in 2019 reprogrammed human blood cells to form hepatic organoids, in effect mini-livers, to mimic the functions of a normal liver, such as storing vitamins, producing enzymes and secreting bile.

2019年， 巴西研究人员重新编程了人类血液细胞， 形成了肝器官样结构，实际上是微型肝脏， 以模拟正常肝脏的功能，如储存维生素、产生酶和分泌胆汁。

If you limited the analysis to people who had below 27% on this hepatic fat index, the people who got the full dose had no difference.

如果将分析限定在肝脂肪指数低于27%的人群中，那些接受全剂量治疗的人间并无差异。

Father Nicanor, consumed by hepatic fever, was replaced by Father Coronel, whom they called " The Pup, " a veteran of the first federalist war.

尼卡诺尔神父因肝热而病倒，取而代的是科罗内尔神父，他们称他为“小狗”，他是第一次联邦主义战争的老兵。

Here's a pretty basic layout of the basic functional unit of the liver, you've got the portal vein and hepatic artery that combine into a sinusoid, which then goes into the central vein, and these are all lined with hepatocytes.

这是一个肝脏基本功能单位的简单示意图，你可以看到由门静脉和肝动脉来的血液在血窦汇集，然后流入中央静脉，这些都与干细胞相平行。

The gallbladder, a pear-shaped sac behind the lower portion of the liver, stores bile, which is continuously secreted by the hepatic cells between meals.

胆囊是肝脏下部后面的储存胆汁的梨形囊，胆汁在两餐间由肝细胞不分泌。

And they did find one statistically significant finding, which was if you limited the analysis to people who had a hepatic fat score below 27%, Remember I said, once you're above 5%, you have fatty liver disease.

他们确实发现了一个具有统计意义的结论，即如果将分析限定在肝脂肪分数低于27%的人群中，记住我曾说过， 一旦超过5%， 就意味患有脂肪肝病。

Second, blood backing up in the systemic veins leads to portal systemic shunts, which happens in the three points where the systemic venous system and hepatic portal system are connected.

其次，淤积在体静脉的血液造成门脉-体静脉系统分流，发生在三个部位，即体静脉系统与肝脏门脉系统相连接的地方。

So at high dose, at low dose, there was no difference in how much hepatic fat you had at the end of the study.

因此，无论是高剂量还是低剂量，研究结束时肝脏脂肪的含量并无差异。

Bile produced in the liver passes through the hepatic duct to the cystic duct and into the gallbladder.

肝脏中产生的胆汁通过肝管进入胆囊管并进入胆囊。

So they're looking at hepatic fat, in the liver by MR. And using this type of MRI, if your hepatic fat index is over 5%, that's a high enough degree of what's called steatitosis that you have fatty liver disease.

因此，他们通过磁共振成像（MR）来观察肝脏中的肝脂肪。使用这种类型的磁共振成像，如果你的肝脂肪指数超过5%，那就意味你患有脂肪肝病，因为这达到了被称为脂肪变性的高度。

With TIPS, a tube is inserted via a catheter to allow communication between the portal vein and hepatic vein.

使用TIPS时，可通过小导管插入大导管，以实现门静脉和肝静脉间的连通。