And black bears, like most hibernators, don’t urinate or defecate the entire hibernation season.

黑熊和大多数冬眠者一样，在整个冬眠季会小便或排便。

Sometimes it is difficult to determine whether a particular animal is a true hibernator.

例如，熊很容易从冬眠中被唤醒。它们是真正的冬眠动物。有时很难确定一种特定的动物是否是真正的冬眠动物。

To find out how hibernators are able to do this, researchers turned their attention to those animal’s genomes.

为了找出冬眠动物是如做到这一点的，研究人员将注意力转向了这些动物的基因组。

Karen has actually already encountered a bunch of different weird microbes in her career besides just these odd hibernators.

卡伦在她的职业生涯中，实际上已经遇到过许多同种类的奇特微生物，而仅仅局限于这些奇特的休眠者。

Understanding how hibernators deal with reduced blood flow could lead to better treatments for protecting the brain during a stroke.

了解冬眠者如应对血流量减少可能会导致更好的治疗方法来保护中风期间的大脑。

And so a true hibernator, a great example, would be like a ground hog which is a type of a marmot.

因此，真正的冬眠者，一个极好的例子，就是土拨鼠，它是一种旱獭。

Some animals that fall into a wintertime sleep are not true hibernators because they spend only apart of the cold season asleep.

一些进入冬季睡眠的动物是真正的冬眠动物，因为它们只在寒冷季的一部分时间睡觉。Bears，for example，can easily be awakened from their winter nap.Theyare not true hibernators。

So far, they’ve discovered that hibernation is controlled by genes that turn off and on in unique patterns throughout the year, fine-tuning the hibernator’s physiology and behavior.

到目前为止， 他们发现冬眠是由基因控制的，这些基因全年以独特的模式关闭和开启，从而微调冬眠者的生理和行为。

So if you want to read more about these hibernators or about the other microbes that Karen and her fellow microbiologists have studied, please check out Karen's upcoming book.

因此，若您对这些休眠微生物或其他由凯伦及其微生物学同事们研究过的微生物感兴趣，敬请关注凯伦即将出版的新书。