A hobbit. Are misfiring neurons in your hippocampus preventing the conversion from short-term to long-term memory?

一个霍比特人会把你大脑海马状突起里的神经元击碎以防止你的短时记忆向长时记忆转，懂吗？

The problem stems from the hippocampus, the brain region responsible for memory formation.

问题出在负责形成记忆的大脑区域海马体身上。

The medial or middle portion of the temporal lobe on the other hand along with the hippocampus is responsible for formation of new memories.

另一方面，颞叶的中间部和海马体一起负责形成新的记忆。

Well, it turns out that the same part of our brain that's thought to be involved in emotion and spatial navigation, the hippocampus, also happens to control short- and long-term memory processing.

这是因为海马体这个大脑组织在参与控制情感和空间导航的同时，也控制着短期和长期记忆。

This was due to changes in their hippocampus all linked to increased levels of cortisol.

这是由于他们的海马体发生变，所有这些都与皮质醇水平的增加有关。

Cortisol attaches to receptors on the hippocampus, which is a seahorse shaped region of your brain that is part of the limbic system.

皮质醇附着在海马体的受体上，海马体是你大脑的海马状区域，是边缘系统的一部。

Others speculate that errors around the hippocampus—the brain's librarian—are to blame.

也有部认为起因为海马体，而海马体又被称为大脑的图书馆管理员。

Additionally, stress caused by anxiety produces a hormone called cortisol, and too much cortisol can hinder the ability of the hippocampus to recall memories.

此外，由焦虑引起的压力会产生一种叫做皮质醇的激素，过多的皮质醇会阻碍海马体回忆记忆的能力。

Now, while stress is doing that to the hippocampus, look at what it does to the amygdala, that structure important for the emotional, non-declarative memory.

压力会对海马体产生这样的影响，我们再来看看压力对杏仁核的影响，也就是那个非陈述性情绪记忆的关键结构。

But we know that the most important structure for it is called the hippocampus.

但我们知道，最重要的结构是海马体。

Researchers think this may be due to the fact that the hippocampus shrinks as we age, which is the region of the brain that stores these types of memories.

研究人员认为，这可能是由于海马体会随着年龄的增长而萎缩导致的。海马体是脑中存储这些类型回忆的区域。

The hippocampus is the part of the brain that in London taxicab drivers becomes enlarged.

海马体是大脑的一部，伦敦出租车司机的 海马体结构通常比常人要大。

Teen drinkers appear to be most susceptible to damage in two developing parts of the brain, the hippocampus, a structure responsible for learning and memory, and the prefrontal cortex, the chief decision-maker and voice of reason.

青少年饮酒的大脑的两个正在发育的部最容易受到伤害，它们是负责习和记忆的海马状突起和主要的决策和理性中心——前额皮质。

At night, one part of our brain — the hippocampus — takes whatever new information it soaked up in the day, and passes it on to other parts of the brain to be stored.

晚上，我们大脑的一部——海马体——接收白天吸收的所有新信息，并将其传递给大脑的其他部进行存储。

So it used to be thought that memories were stored entirely in the hippocampus which is a part of the brain parallel to your ear, about the size of your thumb.

过去人们认为记忆全部存储在海马体中，海马体是大脑的一部，与耳朵平行，大约拇指大小。

But whether this is because a baby's hippocampus, a key brain region in storing such memories, is not sufficiently developed or because adults cannot recall these memories has long been an open question.

但这是否因为婴儿的海马体（存储这类记忆的关键脑区）发育不足，还是因为成年人无法回忆起这些记忆，长期以来一直是个未解之谜。

This especially affects how you remember things, and there is even evidence that the part of your brain that forms long-term memory, the hippocampus, shrinks under the strain of long-term stress.

这会特别影响你的记忆方式，甚至有证据表明，在长期承受压力的情况下，大脑中负责形成长期记忆的海马体部可能会萎缩。

Around the same time, John's fellow Kavli laureate, Brenda Milner, was studying a patient with severe epilepsy who had had an operation to remove a part of his brain called the hippocampus.

大约在同一时间，与约翰同获卡弗利奖的布伦达·米尔纳正在研究一名患有严重癫痫的病人。这名病人曾做过手术，被切除了大脑中的“海马体”。

The scientists found that the hippocampus, a part of the brain responsible for memory and learning, was around 12 percent larger in the fitter youngsters.

大脑海马区负责记忆和习，科家们发现体力好的孩子中的“大脑海马区”比体力不好的孩子要大12%。

For example, memories that are formed in times of heightened feeling, or even stress, will be better recorded due to the hippocampus' link with emotion.

比如，那些在情感或压力强烈的时候形成的记忆，会更容易被记录下来因为海马体和情感之间的关联。