Many animals have similar traits because they're related, called homologous traits.

许多物有相似的特征，因为它们是亲缘的，称为同源特征。

The process of pairing the homologous chromosomes is called synapsis.

同源染色体配对的过程称为联会。

The other repair mechanism is called homology-directed repair which relies on homologous recombination.

另一种修复机制依赖于同源重组，叫作同源介导修复。

Studying homologous and analogous traits, evolutionary history, and other relationships among living things is called phylogenetics.

研究生物之间的同源和类似特征、进化史和其他关系被称为系统遗传。

Figuring out if a trait is homologous or analogous can be really hard.

弄清楚一个特征是同源的还是类似的真的很难。

Anaphase 1 Kinetochore microtubules shorten, pulling homologous chromosomes, which consist of a pair of sister chromatids, to opposite poles.

后 1粒微管变短，将由一对姐妹染色单体组成的同源染色体拉向相反的两极。

Zygotene Chromosomes approximately line up with each other into homologous chromosome pairs through synaptonemal complex.

染色体通过联会复合体大致排列成同源染色体对。

Pachytene This is the stage when homologous recombination, including chromosomal crossover (crossing over) , occurs.

粗这是发生同源重组的阶段，包括染色体互换。

So if we thought the wings of insects, bats, and pterosaurs were homologous traits, we'd group them together.

所以如果我们认为昆虫、蝙蝠和翼龙的翅膀是同源的，我们会把它们归为一类。

Non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes may exchange segments over regions of homology.

同源染色体的非姐妹染色单体可以在同源区域交换片段。

Then End 1 releases the homologous DNA and its last few nucleotides bind to the last nucleotides of End 2.

然后，End 1会释放同源DNA，其末端的核苷酸与End 2末端的核苷酸相结合。

Diplotene The synaptonemal complex degrades and homologous chromosomes separate from one another a little.

双联会复合体解体，同源染色体开始分离。

Homology or homologous means that they come from the same ancestry.

同源性或同源意味着它们源自相同的祖先。

Homologous parts tend to vary in the same manner, and homologous parts tend to cohere.

同源部分倾向于以相同的方式变化，而同源部分倾向于凝聚。

But he does imply that Zeus and a human being are homologous.

但他确实暗示宙斯和人类是同源的。

During prophase 1, homologous chromosomes pair and exchange DNA (homologous recombination) .

在前 1，同源染色体配对并交换 DNA（同源重组）。

However, the homologous chromosomes of each bivalent remain tightly bound at chiasmata, the regions where crossing-over occurred.

然而，每个二价体的同源染色体仍然紧密结合在交叉部位，也就是发生交叉的区域。

I'll talk about both homologous structures and vestigial structures.

我将讨论同源结构和退化结构。

Different today, but both are inherited from a common ancestor, so they're homologous.

今天不同，但两者都是从共同的祖先继承而来的，因此它们是同源的。

We say a similarity like this is homologous, because the trait was inherited from a common ancestor.

我们说这样的相似性是同源的，因为这种特征是从共同的祖先遗传下来的。