The inflammation may be caused by an infection, an autoimmune disease like multiple sclerosis, or it could just be idiopathic, meaning there is no identifiable cause.

这种炎症通常由感染、自身免疫性疾病（如多发性硬化）引起，也可能是特发性的，即没有明确病因。

The underlying cause of cranial nerve damage is idiopathic which means it's unknown, so when there's facial nerve a paralysis from a known cause like a stroke, a tumor, or trauma, it's not considered a Bell's palsy.

该颅神经受损是特发性的，即因明，所以有明确病因（如中风、肿瘤、外伤）的面神经麻痹贝尔麻痹。

The most common primary cause is called idiopathic hyperaldosteronism, because the zona glomerulosa has an increase in the number of cells secreting aldosterone, but it's not really clear why this happens.

最常见的发性病因称为特发性醛固酮增多症：这是由球状带分醛固酮的细胞数量增加，但目前尚清楚为什么会发生这种情。

Okay, let's recap - acute pericarditis is usually caused by a idiopathic causes, but can be caused by viruses or after a myocardial infarction.

急性心包炎通常因未明，也可因病毒感染或心肌梗死导致。

If it's primary or idiopathic, then steroids are sometimes used, but they've been shown to have mixed results.

如果它是发的或特发性的，有时会使用类固醇激素，但是治疗结果有好有坏。

Well, primary FSGS is when it's idiopathic, or there's no clear underlying cause.

发性FSGS特发（肾），即未明确潜在病因。

Now, the cause of acute pericarditis is usually idiopathic, meaning that we don't know what causes it.

急性心包炎通常是特发性的；特发性指因明。

Membranous glomerulonephritis most commonly affects caucasian adults, and it can be primary, or idiopathic, meaning it's not quite clear why these complexes form, and this accounts for the vast majority of cases.

白种人最易患膜性肾小球肾炎，它可以是发的，即特发性的，意味着免疫复合物形成的机理尚明确；极大多数膜性肾小球肾炎病因这类。

I was diagnosed with idiopathic  hypersomnia, when I was 19 years old.

我19岁时被诊断出患有特发性嗜睡症。

You'd see that 85% of all high blood pressure, hypertensive diagnosis, are idiopathic.

你会发现，85%的高血压、高血压诊断都是特发性的。

We review idiopathic intracranial hypertension, follow a striking case of a hidden foreign body, and hear perspectives on worker safety, immigrant health care, the role of pharmaceutical wholesalers, and the arc of a medical career.

我们探讨了特发性颅内高压，追踪了一例隐匿性异物引人注目的案例，并聆听了关工人安全、移民医疗保健、药品批发商角色以及医学职业生涯轨迹的见解。

And a lot of the optical abnormalities are similar to those found in people with idiopathic intracranial hypertension -- which can lead to vision loss.

许多光学异常与特发性颅内高压症患者发现的异常相似—— 这会导致视力丧失。

A recent cohort study in South Korea found COPD to be a strong independent risk factor for lung cancer in never smokers.' Idiopathic pulmonary fbrosis is also associated with a significant increase in lung cancer risk.

韩国最近的一项队列研究发现，对从吸烟的人来说，慢性阻塞性肺病是肺癌的一个强大的独立危险因素。特发性肺纤维化还与肺癌风险显着增加相关。

It might cause the sleepiness of idiopathic hypersomnia.

它可能是特发性嗜睡症嗜睡的因。

Hypertension, primary hypertension, essential hypertension, or, you know, high blood pressure is idiopathic, right, of unknown origin.

高血压，发性高血压，或称必要性高血压，即高血圧，是特发性的，对吧，起源明。

People with idiopathic hypersomnia often have a lot of difficulty waking up in the mornings.

患有特发性嗜睡症的人通常在早晨醒来时会有很大困难。

And there's a little bit of experimental evidence suggesting that idiopathic hypersomnia may have a circadian component to it as well.

而且有一些实验证据表明，特发性嗜睡症可能也具有昼夜节律成分。

So, I think it will really lead to a complete redefinition of the diagnosis of people who have idiopathic hypersomnia or insomnia.

所以，我认为这将真正导致对特发性嗜睡症或失眠患者的诊断进行全面重新定义。

But for all these other problems, idiopathic hypersomnia, insomnia, we know it's complicated.

但对所有这些其他问题，比如特发性嗜睡症、失眠，我们知道这很复杂。

A number of years ago, several of my colleagues came up with a hypothesis that potentially idiopathic hypersomnia was being caused by an endogenous substance that was turning on the activity of GABA-A receptors.

几年前，我的几位同事提出了一种假设，认为特发性嗜睡症可能是由一种内源性物质引起的，这种物质激活了GABA-A受体的活性。