Immunologic characteristics of LPP antigen in this patient were investigated by indirect immunofluorescence immunoblotting and compared with bullous pemphigoid (BP) antigen.
But, to be sure the immune-shielding proteins were still there, the team used two special techniques, immunofluorescence and western blotting, to check for their presence.
Those immune complexes can also be visualized on immunofluorescence, although one important finding that can help differentiate from other immune-complex mediated nephropathies is that these complexes involve IgA.
And on immunofluorescence, there might be nonspecific focal deposits of IgM and complement proteins, and these get trapped in the areas of hyalinosis, but these isn't always seen.
The team deployed an advanced imaging tool called Multiplex immunofluorescence imaging (MxIF), which is used to repeatedly stain tumor samples with antibodies attached to fluorescent dyes.