We weren't able to agree on the appropriate independent variables.

我们无法就合适的量达成一致。

How did you measure your dependent and independent variables?

你如何测量你的因量和量?

Your hypothesis is that they change when the independent variable changes.

的假设是当量发生化时它们会发生化。

The factors, which we have taken as given, influence our independent variables, but do not completely determine them.

我们视为给定的因素会影响我们的量，但不能完全决定它们。

But you can also have variables that you believe are affected by changes in your independent variable; these are your dependent variables.

但是拥有认为量化影响的量；这些是你的因量。

And let's define it as the sum of 3 of these independent variables, each of them that have a standard normal distribution.

让我们将其定义为 3 个量的总和，每个量都服从标准正态分布。

So we just showed you is that the variance of the difference of two independent random variables is equal to the sum of the variances.

所我们刚刚向展示了两个独立随机量之差的方差等于方差之和。

In this case, geographic location is what we call the independent variable; it’s the variable that we think is affecting the change in how people describe themselves.

在这种情况下，地理位置就是我们所说的量；我们认为这是影响人们我描述方式化的量。

So we have one independent variable – receiving the voucher or not – and a bunch of possible dependent variables, like earnings, education, and health outcomes.

所我们有一个量——是否收到代金券——及一堆能的因量，比如收入、教育和健康结果。

The division of the determinants of the economic system into the two groups of given factors and independent variables is, of course, quite arbitrary from any absolute standpoint.

将经济系统的决定因素分为给定因素和量两组，当然，从任何绝对的角度来看都是相当武断的。

Thus the traditional analysis is faulty because it has failed to isolate correctly the independent variables of the system. Saving and investment are the determinates of the system, not the determinants.

因此，传统分析是错误的，因为它未能正确隔离系统的量。储蓄和投资是系统的决定因素，而不是决定因素。

And since we're only taking one sum over here-- we're only taking the sum of one independent, normally distributed, standard or normally distributed variable, we say that this only has 1 degree of freedom.

由于我们在这里只取一个总和——我们只取一个独立的、正态分布的、标准的或正态分布的量的总和，我们说这只有 1 个由度。

To begin with, it may be useful to make clear which elements in the economic system we usually take as given, which are the independent variables of our system and which are the dependent variables.

首先，弄清楚我们通常认为经济系统中的哪些要素是给定的，哪些是我们系统的量，哪些是因量能是有用的。

In regression, y is the variable we want to predict (the dependent variable). In this example, y is the shear strength. x is the independent variable — in this case, the age of the propellant.

在回归中，y 是我们想要预测的量（因量）。在此示例中，y 是剪切强度。 x 是量——在本例中是推进剂的年龄。

Our independent variables are, in the first instance, the propensity to consume, the schedule of the marginal efficiency of capital and the rate of interest, though, as we have already seen, these are capable of further analysis.

我们的量首先是消费倾向、资本边际效率表和利率，尽管正如我们已经看到的那样，这些进一步分析。