It's a non-spore forming, aerobic, facultative intracellular, catalase and oxidase positive bacteria that is best visualized with silver stain and grows well on BCYE agar with cysteine and iron into grey-white colonies with a cut-glass appearance.

它是非芽孢、需氧、兼性细胞内寄生、氧化酶和过氧化氢酶阳性的细菌；最佳观察方式是银染色；在BCYE培养基供给酸和铁的情况下生长良好，可形成雕花玻璃样的灰白色菌落。

NK cells are large lymphocytes with granules and they target cells infected with intracellular organisms, like viruses, as well as cells that pose a threat like cancer cells.

NK细胞是有颗粒的大淋巴细胞，它们靶向被细胞内病原体（如病毒）感染的细胞，还有像癌细胞样构成威胁的细胞。

Of the remaining phosphate, a tiny amount is extracellular, or outside cells like in the blood, so this is the bit that gets measured, and the majority is intracellular, or inside cells, where it does all sorts of things.

游离磷酸盐中的一部分在细胞外液，在细胞外，如血液内，是在细胞外被测量的磷酸盐；但大多数是在细胞内的，它在细胞内做各种各样的事。

So without ATP, there is an increase in intracellular sodium levels, which caused water to move into the cells, causing intercellular edema.

所以在ATP缺乏时，细胞内钠含量升高，从而使水进入细胞，导致细胞内水肿。

Cell death might be related to excitotoxicity – which is excessive signaling of these neurons, which leads to high intracellular calcium.

神经元细胞死亡可能与兴奋性毒性有关，神经元细胞接受过度信号传递，引起细胞内钙离子浓度升高。

High levels of intracellular calcium causes cells to die.

细胞内高浓度的钙离子会使细胞死亡。

If hypoxia lasts too long, intracellular edema can lead to cell membrane rupture, causing proteins to leak out into the extracellular space.

如果缺氧时间过长，细胞内水肿会造成细胞膜破裂，导致蛋白质外漏到细胞外。

This protein in turn leads to an overproduction of the intracellular secondary messenger protein, cyclic adenosine monophosphate, or simply cAMP.

然后此蛋白再过度激活一种叫做cAMP的细胞内第二信使。

Legionella pneumophila is non-spore forming, aerobic, which means it needs oxygen to survive, facultative intracellular, which means it can survive both inside and outside the cell, and oxidase and catalase positive, which means it produces both of these enzymes.

嗜肺军团菌是一种非芽孢好氧细菌，需要氧气才能存活，也是兼性细胞内寄生菌，它在细胞内外均可生存，氧化酶和过氧化氢酶阳性，它可以产生两种酶。

Now, the vast majority, around 98%, of all of the body's potassium is intracellular, or inside of the cells.

体内绝大多数的钾，大约98%，是细胞内钾，钾位于细胞内。

As the pumps collectively move more sodium into the blood under the influence of aldosterone, more potassium gets pumped into the cell, which raises the intracellular potassium concentration.

在醛固酮的作用下，离子泵使得更多的钠离子进入血中，更多的钾离子进入细胞中，提升细胞内钾离子浓度。

Once inside the cell, the virus enters the intracellular state where the capsid is removed and the virus becomes active.

一旦进入细胞，病毒就进入细胞内状态，它们脱去衣壳，开始变得活跃。

Of the remaining phosphate, a tiny amount is extracellular, or outside the cells like in the blood, so this is the bit that gets measured, and the majority is intracellular, or inside cells, where it does all sorts of things.

在剩下的磷酸盐中，极小部分在细胞外的，比如血液中的，是可以被检测的，而大多数磷酸盐在细胞内；细胞内的磷酸盐有着各种各样的功能。

The last 1% is split so that the majority, about 0.99% is extracellular - which means in the blood and in the interstitial space between cells, whereas 0.01% is intracellular.

剩下的1%里的绝大多数：大约0.99%的钙存在于细胞外，意味着钙离子存在于血液以及细胞间的间质组织中，剩下0.01%的钙在细胞内。

It’s hard to tell exactly what intracellular structures you’re looking at just from a fossil, because scientists don’t know whether the shape and position of those structures is the same as in a living organism.

仅从化石来看，很难确定你所观察到的究竟是哪细胞结构，因为科学家不知道结构的形状和位置是否与活体生物中的相同。

The vast majority, around 98%, of all of the body's potassium is intracellular, or inside of the cells.

实际上，98%的体内钾为细胞内钾。

But so when I say at 40 it's the first big hit, our actual intracellular biology becomes less efficient.

但当我说40岁是第一个重大打击时，指的是我们细胞内部的生物机能开始变得不那么高效。

For that reason, cells end up using a ton of energy just to keep their intracellular calcium levels low.

所以，细胞平常需使用巨大的能量，只为将细胞内的钙离子浓度维持在低水平。

Different organisms have different anti-desiccation strategies to protect their intracellular bits.

不同的生物有不同的抗脱水策略来保护它们的细胞成分。

So we looked at intracellular leucine.

因此我们研究了细胞内的亮酸。