It shows that humans were consuming dairy products as early as six thousand years ago, despite being lactose intolerant.

其表明人类早在6000年前就开始食用乳制品，尽管当时人们对乳糖不耐受。

Is it scary like lactose intolerance avoid the dairy?

像乳糖不耐症避免乳制品那样避免它吗？

Why not? -Because she's lactose intolerant. -Oh, I see.

为不呢？-因为她有乳糖不耐症。-哦，我明白。

I'll also learn about my genetics related to muscle composition, lactose intolerance, and caffeine consumption.

我解到关于肌肉组成、乳糖不耐受和咖啡因消耗的基因。

Or... yeah. Or we have cereal with lactose free milk. Not proper milk. And... and...

或者… 是的。或者我们吃不含乳糖牛奶的麦片。不是正常的牛奶。

Those with lactose intolerance or thinking about becoming vegan might start drinking alternative milks.

那些有乳糖不耐症或想成为素食主义者的人可能开始喝牛奶替代品。

Thank you. It's okay. Lactose intolerance is nothing to be embarrassed about.

谢谢。不客气，你不耐乳糖这可害羞的。

Such is the fate of the lactose intolerant.

这就是乳糖不耐症患者的命运。

Others like Salmonella and Shigella can't ferment lactose, so their colonies will be colorless.

其他的像是沙门氏菌和志贺氏菌都不能发酵乳糖，所以他们的菌落是无色的。

I'm lactose intolerant, so if I drink milk, I'll be in agony for hours.

我有乳糖不耐症，所以如果我喝牛奶，我痛苦好几个小时。

Turns out Pilgrim Rick is lactose intolerant.

原来朝圣者瑞克有乳糖不耐症。

Building on that, I'd like to remind you, I'm lactose intolerant.

如你所说，我想提醒你，我有乳糖不耐症。

A relatively recent mutation, for instance, means adults with ancestors from northern Europe, or some parts of India and the Middle East, are more likely to be able to digest lactose (a sugar found in milk) than those from elsewhere.

例如，一个相对较新的突变意味着，祖先来自北欧、印度和中东部分地区的成年人比来自其他地方的人更有可能消化乳糖(牛奶中发现的一种糖)。

Lactose on the other hand has a beta 1-4 glycosidic bond, meaning that carbon 1 of galactose and carbon 4 of glucose are bonded, but this time the molecules are stacked with one higher than the other.

乳糖中的糖苷键为β-1，4糖苷键，即半乳糖分子的1号碳与葡萄糖分子的4号碳以糖苷键相连，β代表两个糖分子上下交叠，一高一低。

This is really important like if you're lactose intolerant and you can't digest cow's milk. it can make you feel really sick, aches, pains and digestive troubles, that kind of stuff.

这真的很重要，比如如果你有乳糖不耐症并且无法消化牛奶，它让你感觉非常恶心、疼痛、还有一些消化问题，诸如此类。

If you wanna use a replacement without lactose, Green Valley actually makes a butter that is identical to butter and will melt and act the exact same way.

如果你想使用不含乳糖的替代品，Green Valley 是不错的黄油，它实际上与黄油相同，并且融化并以有一样的作用。

But if that seems super speedy, the ability to digest lactose didn't spread through human populations until we domesticated cows, just 10,000 years ago.

但是如果这种变化看上去十分快速的话，消化乳糖的酶逐渐进化到人类各个种群中还是发生在大概1万年前我们可以驯化乳牛之后。

Babies have a lot of it in their system, so they can break down the milk-sugar lactose and digest milk easily.

婴儿的系统里有很多这种物质，它们可以分解牛奶中的乳糖，并容易消化牛奶。

Now, lactose is a dye saccharide sugar, meaning it's composed of two simple sugar building blocks, glucose and galactose.

乳糖是一种染料糖，这意味着它由两个简单的糖块组成，葡萄糖和半乳糖。

And Leonard's lactose intolerant, so he can't eat anything here without his intestines blowing up like a balloon animal.

而莱纳德有乳糖不耐 所以除非他想让自己的肠子涨得跟动物气球似的 否则是都吃不的。