Screen time was also linked to the fluctuations in the levels of leptin- a hormone that controls appetite and influences insulin resistance.

电脑屏幕使用时间也与瘦素水平的波动有关，瘦素是一种控制食欲影响胰岛素抵抗的素。

In an interview with Reuters, Turek said some studies have shown sleep deprivation causes declines in an appetite suppressing protein hormone called leptin, and increases in another hormone that causes a craving for food.

在接受路透社采访时，塔瑞克说已经有研究表明睡眠不足会导致“瘦体素”分泌减少，而另一种增强食欲的荷尔蒙分泌增多，“瘦体素”是一种抑制食欲的蛋白质荷尔蒙。

One of the most important is leptin, a hormone secreted by your fat cells.

其中最重要的是瘦素，一种由脂肪细胞分泌的素。

A couple of the big ones are a hormone called leptin.

几个大的是一种叫做瘦素的荷尔蒙。

Eating sugar causes an excess release of insulin, and when there is too much insulin present in the body, your hypothalamus cannot pick up on its leptin signal.

吃糖会导致胰岛素的过量释放，当体内胰岛素过多时，下丘脑就无法接收到瘦素信号。

When we eat, our guts release satiety hormones such as leptin, ghrelin and GLP-1 that signal to our brains that we are getting full, a process that takes about 20 minutes.

当我们进食时， 我们的肠道会释放瘦素、生长素释放肽 GLP-1 腹素，这些素会向我们的大脑发出信号， 表示我们已经吃了，这个过程大约需要 20 分钟。

" We know from previous research that sleep deprivation causes leptin to drop and ghrelin to rise, so you're hungry."

从先前的研究得知，缺觉会导致瘦素水平下降，饥饿素水平上升，所以会感到饥饿。”

As an October 2011 study in the New England Journal of Medicine says: " Caloric restriction results in acute compensatory changes, including profound reductions in energy expenditure and levels of leptin and cholecystokinin and increases in ghrelin and appetite."

正如 2011 年 10 月发表在《新英格兰医学杂志》上的一项研究所说：“热量限制会导致急性代偿性变化，包括能量消耗、瘦素胆囊收缩素水平的显著降低，以及胃饥饿素食欲的增加。”

So when you lose weight, leptin levels drop.

所以当你减肥的时候，瘦素水平就会下降。

And leptin is released by adipose tissue, and that is something that helps tell our body like, " Hey, we've got enough stored energy, so you don't need to eat anymore, you're full right now."

瘦素由脂肪组织释放，这有助于告诉我们的身体，“嘿，我们已经储存了足够的能量，所以你不需要再吃了，你现在已经了。”

" The hormone leptin decreases appetite, while the hormone ghrelin increases appetite, " explained Polotsky, who was not involved in the study.

“瘦素会令食欲减退，而饥饿素则会令食欲增加。

Parts of your brain like your hypothalamus interpret less leptin as starvation, and it jumps in and starts telling your body to conserve energy and to eat more to rebuild those reserves.

大脑中的某些部分，比如下丘脑，会把瘦素减少解读为饥饿，然后它会介入进来，告诉你的身体，要节约能量，多吃点东西，来重建能量储备。

For example, various hormones like ghrelin, leptin, and insulin affect your hunger and you satisfy the hunger with food.

比如说，各种素，像生长素释放肤瘦素、胰岛素会影响你的饥饿感，你会用食物来满足这种饥饿。

That makes sense for leptin, since it's based on the amount of fat you have.

那使得瘦素水平很有意义，因为它基于你所具有的脂肪量而产生。

Less energy expenditure makes you more lethargic, less cholecystokinin means more hunger, less leptin signalling means more hunger and more ghrelin also means you're hungrier.

更少的能量消耗会让人更嗜睡，更少的胆囊收缩素、更少的瘦素信号以及更多的胃促生长素都会增加饥饿感。

The larger your fat cells are, the more leptin they produce.

脂肪细胞越大，产生的瘦素就越多。

This extra insulin can make you feel even hungrier as it will block your leptin signal, like we discussed before.

额外的胰岛素会让你感觉更饿，因为它会阻止你的瘦素信号，就像我们之前讨论的那样。

Insulin stimulates the body's fat cells to make another hormone called leptin.

胰岛素促使体内的脂肪细胞产生另一种名为瘦素的素。

It increases brain-derived neurotrophic factor, it increases leptin.

它提升了脑源性神经营养因子，增加了瘦素。

Mindful eating can influence your ghrelin and leptin levels.

正念饮食能影响你的胃饥饿素瘦素水平。