I mean, they transmit leptospirosis and hantavirus.

我是说，他们可能会 传染细病或是汉他病毒。

OK, symptoms of leptospirosis depend on the phase of the infection.

现在说临床症状，主要取决于感染的阶段。

Rats can spread diseases like leptospirosis, which can lead to kidney and liver failure.

老鼠可能会传播钩端病等疾病，这种疾病可能会导致肾和肝脏衰竭。

Another way to diagnose leptospirosis is by identifying the bacteria in biological samples.

另一种诊断方法是检测生物样本存在的病菌。

Leptospira causes a zoonotic infection called leptospirosis, which has two phases.

钩端会导致一种名为钩端病的人畜共通传染病，其有两个阶段。

Leptospirosis is treated with penicillin G, and doxycycline can be used as an alternative.

钩端病的治疗主要施用抗生素苄青霉素，多西环素可作为备选。

The Leptospira genus has over 20 species, and the most common species that causes leptospirosis in humans is Leptospira interrogans.

钩端有超过20种亚，其问号钩端（Leptospira interrogans）是导致人类钩端病的最常见致病菌。

Risk factors for leptospirosis include some professions, like people who work in rice-paddies, sugarcane plantations, or people who swim or wade in waters contaminated by animal urines.

导致钩端病的危险因素包括一些需在稻田、甘蔗种植区工作的职业或有被动物尿液污染的水源游玩史。

We were working on pan-coronavirus vaccines, sickle cell anemia gene therapy, malaria with people across the U.S. and in Africa, leptospirosis with people in southeast Asia, vaccines for peanut allergies.

我们在研究泛冠状病毒疫苗，镰状细胞性贫血基因疗法，美国和非洲的疟疾，东南亚的钩端病，花生过敏疫苗。

For example, Leptospira interrogans, the most common cause of leptospirosis, has adhesins, which are proteins that help this bacteria attach to the host's cells - usually epithelium, monocytes, and macrophages.

举个例子，最常见的致病菌问号钩端的粘附素可以帮助细菌粘附在宿主细胞表面，通常是表皮细胞、单核细胞以及巨噬细胞的表面。

So Leptospira is a genus of spiral bacteria known to cause leptospirosis, a zoonotic infection, meaning it can be transmitted from animals such as rodents, to humans; especially people who work in sewers and waters contaminated by these animals' urine.

所以，钩端是一种可导致钩端病的形细菌种；钩端病是一种人畜共通传染病，即可以从诸如啮齿类动物传染至人类的疾病，特别是在排水系统、或被动物尿液污染的水源区工作的人群更易感染。