Printing electronics is not new; screen printing, lithography, inkjet and other processes have long been used to manufacture circuit boards and components.

印刷电子技术并不新鲜，屏幕印刷、平板印刷、喷绘和其他技术用于生产电路板和元件已有很长时间。

So in the advanced technology fab, we will have all of the equipment necessary to make a chip of any kind, logical memory, and we will also have all of the equipment necessary to make the lithography masks.

这座先进晶圆厂将拥有生产各类所需的全套设备，包括逻辑、存储，还拥有制造光刻掩膜所需的全部设备。

So that we are using very highly sophisticated equipment, mainly the electron beam lithography.

我们使用的是非常精密的设备，主要是电子束光刻。

This advancement has already aided research in quantum optics and lithography.

这一进步已经帮助了量子光学和光刻技术的研究。

In microelectronics, they use something called lithography to do the same sort of thing, to make the transistors and integrated circuits and build up a structure several times.

在微电子学中，人们使用相同原理的光刻技术，来制造晶体管和集成电路，反复构建一个结构。

Utilizing state-of-the-art, extreme ultraviolet lithography, 3 nanometer technology creates transistors that are so small, you could fit 2 million of them in the cross section of a human hair.

利用先进的极紫外光刻，3 纳米工艺可制造极小的晶体管，一根头发的横截面就可容纳个。

So in a single building, we can create a lithography mask, make the chip, test the chip, make another mask, and have an incredibly fast recursive loop for improving the chip design.

在一栋建筑内，我们就能完成掩膜制作、生产，测试、再制作新掩膜，形成极快的迭代循环，持续优化设计。

The warning comes from ASML, the company makes lithography machines that etch circuits onto silicon wafers.

该警告来自ASML，该公司生产的光刻机将电路蚀刻在硅上。

These three-nanometer transistors are patterned using state-of-the-art extreme ultraviolet lithography.

这些三纳米晶体管使用最先进的极紫外光刻技术进行图案化。

And it's not for practical reasons that have to do with lithography, it's for fundamental physical reasons about the way the magnetic field interacts with that superconducting material.

这并不是由于与光刻技术相关的实际原因，而是因为磁场与超导材料相互作用的基本物理原因。

With the help of electron beam lithography, Dr Paas and his colleagues produced 5 million of them and suspended them in a vial of water.

在电子束光刻的帮助下， 帕斯博士和他的同事制造了500个微型自画像，并将它们悬浮在一瓶水中。

Next, the wafer goes to the lithography tool, which shines UV light through a stencil, which is technically called a photomask.

接下来，晶圆会被送到光刻机，该机器会通过一个技术上称为光掩模的模板照射紫外线。

America's export controls on chokepoint technologies have created a need for homegrown alternatives, from lithography machines to aviation-grade stainless steel.

美国对关键技术实施的出口管制， 促使中国寻求本土替代方案，从光刻机到航空级不锈钢， 不一而足。

The different parts of a lithography machine are so cutting-edge that doing it all could overwhelm one firm.

光刻机的不同部件都非常前沿，一家公司可能难以独自完成所有这些工作。

I'm reminded of a book I just finished on the story of ASML and building these lithography machines.

让我想起了我刚读完的一本书，讲的是ASML的故事以及如何制造这些光刻机。

I've worked in lithography, which is like laser etching each individual chip with the laser is huge.

我曾从事光刻工作，这就像用巨大的激光在每个上进行激光蚀刻。

Well, companies like Intel, Global Foundries, they invest a lot of money in the lithography.

像英特尔、格罗方德这样的公司，他们在光刻技术上投入了大量资金。

The wafer next goes to the developer to wash away the sections that were hit by the light from the lithography tool and then through a hard bake to harden the remaining photoresist.

然后将硅送到显影工序，洗去受光刻机光线照射的部分，再经过高温烘烤使剩余的光刻胶硬化。

With the help of electron-beam lithography, Dr Pass and his colleagues produced 5m of them and suspended them in a vial of water.

在电子束光刻技术的帮助下，帕斯博士和他的同事制作了 5 m 的纳米粒子， 并将它们悬浮在一小瓶水中。

The complexity of lithography technology makes it a benchmark for a nation's industrial and technological prowess.

光刻技术的复杂性使其成为衡量一个国家工业和科技实力的基准。