So that we are using very highly sophisticated equipment, mainly the electron beam lithography.

我们使用的是非常精密的设备，主要是电子束。

This advancement has already aided research in quantum optics and lithography.

这一进步已经帮助了量子学和术的研究。

The warning comes from ASML, the company makes lithography machines that etch circuits onto silicon wafers.

该警告来自ASML，该公司生产的机将电路蚀在硅片上。

These three-nanometer transistors are patterned using state-of-the-art extreme ultraviolet lithography.

这些三纳米晶体管使用最先进的极紫外术进行图案化。

But older generations of such lithography tools can still be sold to Chinese buyers.

然而，较旧一代的此类设备仍可销售给中国买家。

Well, companies like Intel, Global Foundries, they invest a lot of money in the lithography.

像英特尔、格罗德这样的公司，他们在术上投入了大量资金。

Printing electronics is not new; screen printing, lithography, inkjet and other processes have long been used to manufacture circuit boards and components.

电子术并不新鲜，屏、平板、喷绘和其他术用于生产电路板和元件已有很长时间。

I've worked in lithography, which is like laser etching each individual chip with the laser is huge.

我曾从事工作，这就像用巨大的激在每个芯片上进行激蚀。

I'm reminded of a book I just finished on the story of ASML and building these lithography machines.

让我想起了我刚读完的一本书，讲的是ASML的故事以及如何制造这些机。

The complexity of lithography technology makes it a benchmark for a nation's industrial and technological prowess.

术的复杂性使其成为衡量一个国家工业和科实力的基准。

Lithography machines are as vital to our era as steam engines and computers were to past industrial revolutions.

机之于我们这个时代，就如同蒸汽机和计算机之于过去的工业革命一样至关重要。

Experts compare the difficulty of creating advanced lithography machines to the challenge of developing atomic bombs.

专家将制造先进机的难度比作开发原子弹的挑战。

The different parts of a lithography machine are so cutting-edge that doing it all could overwhelm one firm.

机的不同部件都非常前沿，一家公司可能难以独自完成所有这些工作。

America's export controls on chokepoint technologies have created a need for homegrown alternatives, from lithography machines to aviation-grade stainless steel.

美国对关键术实施的出口管制， 促使中国寻求本土替代案，从机到航空级不锈钢， 不一而足。

Canon is trying to stage a return with nano-imprint lithography, which physically stamps chip designs onto wafers.

佳能正试图通过纳米压术实现回归，该术能够将芯片设计物理压到硅片上。

Next, the wafer goes to the lithography tool, which shines UV light through a stencil, which is technically called a photomask.

接下来，晶圆会被送到机，该机器会通过一个术上称为掩模的模板照射紫外线。

A wafer table in a lithography machine is similarly likely to miss the mark at first.

一个机中的硅片台初次运行时也很可能达不到目标。

Nikon and Canon, two Japanese firms which once led the market for lithography machines, never managed to commercialise EUV kit.

尼康和佳能这两家曾主导机市场的日本公司，始终未能将极紫外（EUV）设备商业化。

With only one mask layer being patterned at a time, this CPU chip will undergo 80 separate visits to the lithography tool.

每次只对一个掩模层进行图案化，这块CPU芯片将需要接受80次独立的工具处理。

Today, with transistors shrunk by a factor of a thousand, ASML lithography gear is possibly the most sophisticated equipment ever sold commercially.

如今， 随着晶体管尺寸缩小了千倍，艾司摩尔的设备可能是有史以来商业化销售的最复杂的术装备。