I would argue DNA methylation is also dynamic and not fatalistic either.

我会认为 DNA 甲基化也是动态变化，并非宿命性。

Methylation basically means your DNA gets some chemical hop-ons that can change how genes are expressed.

甲基化基本上意味着你 DNA 得到一些化学跃上，可以改变基因表达。

The most common mechanism is methylation.

最常见是通过甲基化作用来完成。

Wang worked in Trey Ideker's lab, where they study changing patterns of DNA methylation in humans.

王在特雷·艾德克实验室工作，他们在那里究人类DNA甲基化模变化。

In 2021, researchers published a study that looked at methylation of DNA in human and primate brains.

2021年，究人员表了一项究，究了人类和灵长类大脑中DNA甲基化。

And in rats, such methylation makes young animals especially sensitive to stress, and also fearful of novelty.

而老鼠试验表明，这样甲基化过程让幼小动物对压力尤其敏感，对新鲜事物也感到恐惧。

Dr Tung and Dr Gilad found that methylation patterns were systematically different in high- and low-ranking animals.

博士东和吉拉德甲基模在地位高级和地位低级动物之间是不一样，且这种不一样是系统性不一样。

Normally the paternal grandmother's methylation, after being passed to the father, would be erased when the father's making sperm.

正常情况下，奶奶甲基化基因遗传给父亲后，在父亲产生精子时会生去甲基化。

In the case of stress, previous studies have suggested that methylation of the gene which encodes glucocorticoid receptors is important.

以往究表明，当母亲压力过大时，负责为糖皮质激素受体编码基因甲基化具有重要意义。

The same process happens in dogs-and published reports existed from other labs about methylation patterns in dogs changing over time.

同样过程也生在狗狗身上，而且其他实验室也表了有关狗甲基化模随时间而变化报告。

Sometimes that methylation occurs on the paternal chromosome even when there's no imprinting center defect, and that's called an epimutation.

有时即使印记中心没有突变，父源染色体也可以生甲基化，这一过程称为表观突变。

And we found that if we increased methylation, these animals go even crazier.

我们， 如果我们增加甲基化，这些动物会变得更加疯狂。

The UCLA study used gay and straight male twins and found that a specific methylation pattern was closely linked to sexual orientation.

加州大学洛杉矶分校究用了男同性恋双胞胎和男异性恋双胞胎，一种特定甲基化模与性取向密切相关。

In infants, the level of glucocorticoid-receptor methylation is correlated with the release, in response to stress, of higher-than-normal amounts of stress hormones.

胎儿糖皮质激素甲基化程度与人体抑郁时分泌过多压力激素有关。

And when David looked at the methylation clock  of the mice in his experiment, the patterns had changed.

VO：当大卫在他实验中观察小鼠甲基化时钟时，模生了变化。

Nor was the mother's own methylation affected by violence towards her.

而且她们本身基因甲基化与否也跟是否遭到家庭暴力无关。

As before, the mice didn't just regain their vision, their cells also appeared younger  according to the DNA methylation clock.

VO：和以前一样，老鼠不仅恢复了视力，根据 DNA 甲基化时钟，它们细胞也显得更年轻。

If those genes are being fine tuned through methylation, our brains growth and evolution might depend more on the serebelum than we thought.

如果这些基因通过甲基化得到了微调，那么我们大脑生长和进化可能比我们想象更依赖于血清。

Epigenetics. It's basically the set of processes that turn parts of the genome on or off. And this normally happens is through something called DNA methylation.

答案是表观遗传学。它是一系列可以打开或关闭部分基因组过程，通常通过一种叫做DNA甲基化生。

Horvath and his colleagues gleaned information from 8,000 samples to chart methylation in healthy and diseased organs, tissues and cells, from fetuses to centenarians.

霍瓦特及其同事从8000个样本中收集了信息，用于绘制健康和有病器官、组织和细胞中甲基化情况，涉及胎儿到百岁老人之间各年龄人。