These layers formed by chemical reactions, not physical pressure, would come to be called self-assembled monolayers.

因化学反应理压力产生的这种分子膜，会被称为“自组装单分子膜”。

Everyone else at the lab was comfortable using Langmuir–Blodgett monolayers and they didn't want to change course.

其他人用 Langmuir–Blodgett 单层膜很顺手，他们不想改变过程。

And he said, these are monolayers.

他说这是单分子层。

If the Langmuir–Blodgett monolayers were too compressed to reorganize, what if you didn't use them at all?

如果 Langmuir–Blodgett 单层膜过于紧密无法重组，那么彻底不用它又会如何呢？

Nuzzo and Allara were also studying self-assembled monolayers at Bell Labs.

Nuzzo 和 Allara 当时在贝尔也在研究自组装单层膜。

Jacob had just discovered that you don't need physical pressure to create these monolayers.

Jacob 发现我们无需理压力就能制造这种单分子层。

Jacob's friend explained that these monolayers were formed by putting molecules in water.

Jacob 的朋友解释了将分子放入水中形成单分子层的过程。

Even his former mentor, Hans Kuhn, criticized Jacob's self-assembled monolayers.

甚至 Jacob 之前的导师 Hans Kuhn 都批评他的自组装单层膜。

Graphene, which consists of monolayers of carbon atoms bonded in a repeating hexagonal pattern, can be made in a number of ways, mostly by stripping flakes of carbon from mined graphite (sticky tape and pencil lead will do).

石墨烯由以重复的六边形图案结合的单层碳原子组成，可以通过多种方式制成， 主要是通过从开采的石墨中剥离碳薄片（胶带和铅笔芯即可）。

In normal context, this can either be a monolayer, which is only one layer of molecules, or it can be in our case for the long-surfactant, something that has multi-layers.

在正常情况下， 这可能是一层单分子层，即仅由一层分子构成，或者在我们的长链表面活性剂的情况下，它可能具有多层结构。

The Langmuir–Blodgett monolayers were created by pushing a lot of molecules together and now they were stuck.

Langmuir–Blodgett 单分子层是大量分子被推到一起形成的，现在分子彼此黏住了。