Thermoreceptors respond to temperature changes, while nociceptors sense pain.

温度感对温度变有反应，而伤害感会感知到疼痛。

Well that tack in your flesh is that something. And it snaps those nociceptors to attention.

你肉里的图钉就是那个事情。它会让那伤害感意到。

Your peripheral nervous system's mechano- and nociceptors provided that base sensation, or awareness that something had changed.

你的外周神经系统的机械感和伤害感提供了基本的感觉，或者说意识到事发生了变。

For example, some nociceptors are attached to fibers with slightly more conductive, fatty myelin than others.

例如，有伤害感依附于神经纤维，就会更具有传导作用，髓磷脂所富含的脂肪也更多一。

It actually activates nociceptors (the cells specialized in the sensation of pain), an experience that dogs don't like at all.

它实际上激活伤害感（专门用于疼痛感觉的细胞），这是狗一点也不喜欢的体验。

Some detect temperature, some detect touch, while others called nociceptors exclusively detect pain.

一检测温度，一检测触觉，而另一称为伤害感的则专门检测疼痛。

Now, the harder you push against the needle, the closer you get to the nociceptor threshold.

但你越用力推针尖，越接近痛觉感的阈值。

Certain chemicals can tune nociceptors, lowering their threshold for pain.

学物质可以调节感，降低痛觉的阈值。

But, unlike other nerve cells, nociceptors only fire if something happens that could cause or is causing damage.

不像其他神经细胞，痛觉感只在可能或正在造成伤害时才会作用。

Push hard enough, and you'll cross that threshold and the nociceptors fire, telling your body to stop doing whatever you're doing.

很用力的话，就会超过阈值，痛觉感启动，告诉身体停止目前的行为。

Paper cuts directly damage the nociceptors in your outermost layer of skin, the epidermis, and those nerve bundles send pain signals to your brain.

剪纸会直接损伤皮肤最外层（表皮）中的伤害感，这神经束会向大脑发送疼痛信号。

So when you get hurt, the electrical impulses from thicker nociceptors trigger sharp, intense pain, while thin, unmyelinated nociceptors are responsible for the dull, aching pain that follows.

所以当你伤时，具有更厚质的伤害感所传导的电脉冲就会引发强烈的剧痛，而薄质且无髓鞘的伤害感则会产生隐隐的酸痛。

The most common type of nociceptors tend to be smaller than the nerves for touch or temperature, so they send signals more slowly.

最常见的伤害感类型往往比触觉或温度神经更小，因此它们发送信号的速度更慢。

Scientists have theories for what the actual cause is, ranging from spasming blood vessels to overly sensitive nociceptors, but no one knows for sure.

科学家们对实际原因有各种理论，从血管痉挛到过度敏感的伤害感，但没有人确切知道。

When you step on a nail, for example, you stimulate nociceptors, or specialized nerve cells, that send a message through your spinal cord to your brain.

例如， 当您踩到钉子时，您会刺激伤害感或专门的神经细胞，它们会通过脊髓向大脑发送信息。

And then we've got specialized nerve receptors called nociceptors that, unlike those other receptors, fire only to indicate pain, which is the main thing I want to talk about today.

然后我们有一种特殊的神经感，叫做伤害感，与其他感不同，它只发出信号来指示疼痛，这是我今天想谈的主要内容。

Their pain receptors, called nociceptors, trigger in response, cueing the brain to release a flood of neuropeptides that inflame the cranial blood vessels, swelling and heating up the head.

它们的疼痛感， 称为伤害感， 会触发响应，提示大脑释放大量神经肽，使颅内血管发炎， 使头部肿胀和发热。

Since you mainly use your fingers and your hands to feel the world around you, they’re full of nociceptors, pain receptors that respond to things like pressure and temperature.

由于您主要使用手指和手来感周围的世界，因此它们充满了伤害感，即对压力和温度等事物做出反应的疼痛感。

That is, the point where a stimulus is intense enough to trigger action potentials in those nociceptors is the same for everybody. But, you and I might have different tolerances for discomfort.

也就是说，刺激强烈到足以触发伤害感动作电位的点对每个人来说都是一样的。但是，你和我可能对不适有不同的容忍度。

When you accidentally touch a hot stove or try to walk on a sprained ankle, special pain sensing nerves called nociceptors are triggered to send neuro messages up your spine and into your brain.

当你不小心触碰滚烫的炉灶或试图用扭伤的脚踝走路时，会触发特殊的痛觉神经，称为伤害感，以将神经信息发送到你的脊椎并进入大脑。