The sediment was dated based on the ratio of two nuclides.

根据两种核素的比例确定了沉积物的代。

He explained that if the rock can " see the sky" it collects these nuclides.

他解释说，如果岩石 “看到天空”，这些核素就会被收集。

These particles react with minerals in rocks to produce radioactive nuclides, a class of atoms.

这些粒子与岩石中的矿物质发生反应，产生放射性核素，这是种原子。

He added that the decay rate of these nuclides shows that the rock had not been exposed during the Holocene Era.

他补充说，这些核素的变率表明，岩石全新世时代并没有暴露出来。

They measured beryllium-10 and carbon-14 nuclide levels and found that concentrations were nearly zero.

他们测量了铍-10 和碳-14 核素水平，发现浓度几乎为零。

But that date has been overthrown by work employing cosmogenic nuclide dating.

但该日期已被采用宇宙成因核素测的工作推翻。

So there's this particular problem nuclide called cobalt 60, which is the kind of bane of all decommissioning.

因此， 种特定的问题核素， 称为钴-60，它是所有退役工作中的祸根。

So generally when you have radiation safety and shielding problems when you're decommissioning a reactor, the nuclide that always comes up, the one you're doing all your calculations for, is this cobalt-60.

所以核电站退役时，遇到辐射安全和屏蔽问题时，你总是会计算的核素是钴-60。

A sophisticated dating technique, called cosmogenic nuclide dating, has upended previous estimates—and, with that, is rewriting an important chapter in the story of human evolution.

种称为宇宙成因核素测的复杂测技术推翻了之前的估计，并由此改写了人类进化史的重要篇章。

To test that idea, they directly dated the cave breccias in Members 2 and 4 using cosmogenic nuclide dating, which Dr Granger helped develop.

为了验证这个想法，他们使用格兰杰博士帮助开发的宇宙成因核素测法，直接对成员 2 和成员 4 中的洞穴角砾岩进行了测。

When a breccia-forming object falls into a cave, it finds itself shielded from cosmic rays, and the steady decay of its existing cosmogenic nuclides can be used to determine how long ago it fell in.

当形成角砾岩的物体落入洞穴时， 它发现自己免受宇宙射线的影响， 并且其现有的宇宙成因核素的稳定变可以用来确定它落入洞穴的时间。