With mutations, proto-oncogenes become oncogenes, and these overstimulate the cell growth.

随着突变，原癌变为癌，这些癌过度刺激细胞生长。

So oncogenes or mutated tumor suppressor genes allow cells to keep growing uncontrollably resulting into tumors.

此，癌或突变的抑癌使细胞不受控制地增长，导致肿瘤发生。

Oncogenes help cells grow and proliferate, while tumor suppressor genes slow down cell growth and proliferation.

致癌速细胞生长增殖，而抑癌使细胞生长增殖变慢。

Fusobacteria is another genus of bacteria in the mouth that produces excessive immune responses and activates oncogenes.

梭杆菌属是口腔中另种会引发过度免疫应答、激活癌的细菌。

When proto-oncogenes, like epidermal growth factor receptor and RAS, are activated, it turns them into oncogenes that promote cell division.

当原癌（如表皮生长子受体、RAS）被激活时，它们就变成了促进细胞分裂的癌。

One new treatment relies on a test to identify damaged genes called oncogenes that allow cancer cells to grow and spread.

种新疗法是识别出名为致癌的破损，这种能使得癌细胞发展和蔓延。

The results showed that patients whose driver oncogenes were specifically targeted lived, on average, a year longer than those who received standard chemotherapy.

结果显示其致癌子得到针对性地治疗的患者存活了，平均来说他们比那些接受标准化疗的患者多活年。

Abnormal cell division can occur either when active oncogenes are expressed or when tumor suppressor genes are lost.

当活性癌表达或肿瘤抑制丢失时，可发生异常细胞分裂。

Oncologist Mark Kris from Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center led a study that examined the role oncogenes play in the spread of cancer.

史隆凯特林癌症中心的肿瘤专家马克·克里斯负责了项检验致癌在癌症蔓延中所起作用的研究。

But if it happens in certain genes that are important in cancer, like oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes, it can create deadly cancers like skin cancer.

但是如果它发生在某些对癌症很重要的中，比如致癌或肿瘤抑制，它会产生致命的癌症，比如皮肤癌。

It usually involves several genetic mutations in endometrial cells, including of PTEN, a tumor suppressor gene; PIK3CA, an oncogene; and ARID1A, a gene regulating chromatin structure.

它通常涉及子宫内膜细胞的几种突变，包括抑癌PTEN、原癌PIK3CA，及调控染色质结构的ARID1A。

The result is that the cell receives a constant message to divide. This dominant " gain of function gene" is often called an oncogene.

结果是细胞接收个恒定的消息进行不断分裂。这种显性的" 获得功能" 通常被称为癌。

So both an MYCN amplification or ALK gene fusion, where the oncogene is " turned on, " or a PHOX2B and chromosome 1 and 11 deletions, where tumor suppressor genes are " turned off, " can potentially cause uncontrolled cell growth.

此，MYCN扩增或ALK的融合，即致癌被激活，或PHOX2B与1号、11号染色体缺失，即抑癌的失活，都可能导致细胞生长不受控制。