Most people with mild hypophosphatemia have no symptoms, but severe hypophosphatemia can cause muscle weakness, weak bones or osteomalacia, and rhabdomyolysis which is a type of kidney damage due to muscle breakdown, as well as an altered mental status.

大多数轻度低磷者无状，但严重的低磷引起肌肉无力、骨质疏松或骨软化、横纹肌溶解（一种由肌肉损伤造成的肾脏损伤）以及精神状态改变。

For example, rickets or osteomalacia can occur in chronic liver disease, due to the liver's inability to turn inactive vitamin D into 25-hydroxy-vitamin D.

例如，慢性肝病者佝偻病或骨软化，这是因为肝脏无法将无活性的维生素D转化为25-羟维生素D。

Treatment for both rickets and osteomalacia typically involves oral vitamin D supplementation and treating the underlying cause which could be any condition affecting the organs responsible for vitamin D activation.

佝偻病和骨软化的治疗一般包括口服补充维生素D以及治疗潜在病因，即任何响机体活化维生素D的情况。

Now, X-ray imaging of rickets and osteomalacia might show signs of decreased bone mineral density or osteopenia.

佝偻病和骨软化的X线检查，有骨矿物质密度减低即骨质缺乏的征象。

Alright, as a quick recap, rickets, and osteomalacia are conditions in which bone softening occurs due to a mineral deficiency or lack of vitamin D.

好！快速回顾一下：佝偻病和骨软化即由缺乏维生素D引起的骨质软化。

For osteomalacia and rickets, the key symptoms are diffuse bone and joint pain, proximal muscle weakness, bone fragility, and increased risk of fractures with minimal trauma.

骨软化和佝偻病的共同状包括弥漫性骨和关节痛、近端肌肉无力、骨脆，及轻微外力即引起骨折。

Ok, now vitamin D deficiency is the most common cause of both rickets and osteomalacia.

好，维生素D缺乏是引起佝偻病、骨软化最常见的原因。

With both rickets and osteomalacia, symptoms include diffuse bone and joint pain, proximal muscle weakness, bone fragility, and increased risk of fractures with minimal trauma.

佝偻病或骨软化时，有弥漫性骨或关节疼痛、近端肌肉无力、骨脆，以及即使是轻微碰撞也导致骨折。

If we zoom into a cross-section of an osteoporotic bone, it will show normal cells with normal mineralization, which differentiates it from osteomalacia where there's lack of mineralization.

如果我们放大来看骨质疏松的骨骼横截面，就看到正常矿化的细胞，这让它区别于缺少骨质矿化的骨软化。