But if we change the shape of a constrained peptide by too much, those extra chemical bonds are unable to form and the whole molecule falls apart.

果我们过度改变限制性肽的形状，那些额外的化学键便无法形成，整个分子结构也会随之瓦解。

The peptide is already known to scientists for its ability to fight bacteria.

科学家已经知道这种肽具有抗细菌的能力。

For example, in one study where an amino acid mix reduced the appetite of obese adolescents, this reminds that this was due to an increase in the appetite-suppressing peptide GLP-1.

例，在一项研究中，一种氨基酸混合物降低了肥胖青少年的食欲，这提醒人们，这由于抑制食欲的肽 GLP-1 的增加。

As a quick review, remember that the immune system has T cells that react to all sorts of antigens, which are usually small peptides, polysaccharides, or lipids, and that some of these antigens are part of our own body's cells.

免疫系统的T细胞和各种抗原反应；抗原一般小分子肽、多糖或者脂类，而有些抗原可以自身细胞。

Moreover, examination of this royal jelly revealed elevated levels, compared with royal jelly from bees that had not been dosed with P. larvae, of an antimicrobial peptide known as defensin-1.

而且，荧光显微镜确实证实了幼芽孢杆菌的碎片正在进入那些用掺有糖水的蜜蜂分泌的蜂王浆中。

So you're sleeping, dreaming about petting pandas with Emma Watson or whatever, when the smoke alarm goes off. Well, action potentials in your brain trigger neurons in your hypothalamus to release the peptide hormone CRH, or corticotropin releasing hormone.

所以你在睡觉，梦见和艾玛·沃特森一起在抚摸熊猫，当烟雾报警器响起时。你大脑中的动作电位触发下丘脑中的神经元释放肽激素 CRH，或促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素。

There's also pancreatic amylase which breaks down carbohydrates into shorter oligosaccharides, and proteases, like trypsin, which cleaves proteins down into smaller peptides.

另外还有胰淀粉酶，可将碳水化合物分解为小分子的寡糖；再者还有蛋白酶，胰蛋白酶，可将蛋白质分解成小分子肽链。

For example, Yue Ma and colleagues from the Chinese Academy of Sciences used machine-learning techniques originally developed for natural language processing to identify antimicrobial peptides encoded by the genome sequences of microbes in the human gut.

比，来自中国科学院的马钺及使用最初为自然语言处理开发的机器学习技术，来识别人类肠道中微生物基因组序列编码的抗菌肽。

The work is practicable since they chemically modified these amino acids and peptides at their ends so they form a super-cooled liquid before decomposition, according to the study published on Saturday in the journal Science Advances.

根据周六发表在《科学进展》杂志上的这项研究，这项工作可行的，因为它们对这些氨基酸和肽的末端进行了化学修饰，以便在分解前形成过冷的液体。

It's true that peptides are involved in lots of processes in your body, including making new cells and proteins, which are important for your skin's structure.

你身体的很多活动确实都需要这些肽的参与，无论造新细胞还蛋白质——这些对你的皮肤构成都很重要。

The lungs also start to release a small peptide called bradykinin which constricts the smooth muscle wall of the ductus arteriosus and helps the process along.

肺也开始释放缓激肽，收缩动脉导管的平滑肌，有助于动脉导管闭合。

Hemoglobin A (or HbA) - made up of two alpha-globin and two beta-globin peptide chains - is the primary hemoglobin affected in sickle cell.

血红蛋白A（HbA）由两条α-及两条β-珠蛋白肽链构成，镰贫中主要被影响的血红蛋白。

The most popular and fairly inexpensive form is collagen hydrolysate, a heat-processed collagen with short-chain peptides.

最受欢迎也比较经济实惠的就水解胶原蛋白 ，一种热处理胶原蛋白短链肽。

Dr Fry's analysis suggested that, around that time, delta-hexatoxin peptides were evolving rapidly, but have subsequently barely changed.

Fry博士的分析表明，在那时候，delta-hexatoxin多肽进化迅速，之后几乎没有改变。

They do this by adding a peptide also a molecule that consists of amino acids to the nanomachine.

为了做到这一点，他们在纳米机器中添加一种肽，也一种由氨基酸组成的分子。

It has these protein segments called peptides that mess with the way that your nerves signal your brain.

它里面这些被称为肽的蛋白质片段扰乱了你的神经向大脑发出信号的方式。

The way it works is that a peptide, another kind of molecule, is added to the nano-drill.

该机器的工作原理将另一种分子肽附在到这种纳米" 钻头" 上。

And animals like snakes and scorpions use constrained peptides in their venom.

像蛇和蝎子一类的动物，它们的毒液里也含有限制性肽。

Similarly, there are peptidases which break down peptide chains into single amino acids.

与糖类的吸收情况类似，肽酶也能将肽链分解成单个的氨基酸分子。

The molecule is called a peptide, or a group of amino acids.

这种分子称为肽或一组氨基酸。