There are more phages on earth than every other organism combined, including bacteria.

地球上所有有机加起来也没有噬菌数量多，包括细菌。

A phage is a virus; not quite alive, not quite dead.

噬菌是一种毒；然而它并不完全是活，也不完全是死。

In the West, there have been successful phage trials for foot ulcers.

在西方，已有功噬菌试验治疗足溃疡。

But phages also have major flaws.

然而，噬菌有一个最大缺点。

Like any other virus, phages need a host to survive and reproduce.

像所有其他毒一样，噬菌需要宿主来生存繁殖。

This happens when phages, rather than killing their hosts immediately, integrate their genomes into those of their prey.

噬菌不是立即杀死宿主，而是将自己基因组整合到猎物基因组中时，就会发生这种情况。

Phages, viruses that attack bacteria but don't affect humans, are one promising new avenue to combat bacterial infections.

噬菌，一种能攻击细菌但不感染人毒，是一个很有前景对抗细菌感染新途径。

Several clinical trials of phage therapy have already been successfully conducted in Poland, the nation of Georgia and Bangladesh.

波兰、格鲁吉亚和孟加拉国已功地进行了若干噬菌治疗临床试验。

That helps the phages, because their bacterial prey also accumulate in mucus, which is thus a rich hunting ground.

这有助于噬菌，因为细菌侵染过程也是积聚在粘液中，这就为噬菌提供了大量寄生宿主。

Which might make you nervous since phages are responsible for the majority of deaths on earth but you're lucky.

可能世界上大部分死亡都是由噬菌导致，这一事实会让你感到紧张，然而你很幸运。

Usually, a phage has chosen one specific bacteria and maybe some of its very close relatives.

通常情况下，一个噬菌只寄生某一种细菌以及一些它们近亲。

And phages are great at infecting bacteria.

噬菌非常擅长感染细菌。

Barr says the interaction between mucus and phage is constant. And there are health benefits when you have a cold.

巴尔说粘液和噬菌之间互动是一直进行，人患上感冒时会产生健康益处。

The side touching the food is coated with phage E2, a virus engineered to stick only to Salmonella typhimurium bacteria.

触摸食物一边涂有噬菌E2, 这是一种被研发只会依附鼠伤寒沙门氏菌毒。

Smith's method is known as “phage display.”

史密斯方法被称为“噬菌展示”。

New phages are released and begin the cycle anew.

新噬菌就此诞生，并重复上述循环。

In a weird motion, the phage squeezes its tail and injects its genetic information.

用一种奇怪动作，噬菌将它遗传信息通过它尾巴挤进细菌中。

They only stop when the bacteria is filled up with brand-new phages.

直到整个细菌充满了新造好噬菌。

Because after all, phages hunt bacteria.

因为毕竟， 噬菌会捕食细菌。

Winter used Smith's phage display method to create new kinds of antibodies.

温特使用史密斯噬菌展示方法创造了新型抗。