Air rushes into the pleural cavity, and the intrapleural pressure increases as it equilibrates with the atmospheric pressure.

气体涌入胸膜腔，随着大气压保持平衡，胸膜内压升高。

You don't usually see pleural effusions which are fluid collections in the pleural space right outside of the lungs.

胸腔积液，也就是在肺间隙有液体积聚，在COVID-19患者很少出现。

A transudative pleural effusion occurs when too much fluid starts to leave the capillaries either because of increased hydrostatic pressure or decreased oncotic pressure in the blood vessels.

漏出性胸腔积液发生于大量液体漏出毛细血管，可能是因为血管内静水压增高或血管内胶体渗透压降低。

E is also a reminder to check for a pleural effusion, which is a common but subtle form of pathology that you can see on an x-ray.

E也提醒我们注意胸腔积液" Effusion" ，这是一种常见、但在胸片不明显的病变。

Finally, there can be a lymphatic pleural effusion, called a chylothorax.

最后，可能会形成淋巴性胸腔积液，称作乳糜胸。

Pleural effusions are fluid that collects at the costophrenic angle and causes blunting of the normally sharp costophrenic angle.

胸腔积液是积聚在肋膈角的液体，可使平时尖锐的肋膈角变钝。

Just like an abscess, the infected pleural space can develop fibrinous walls and have loculations.

像脓肿一样，被感染的胸膜腔能形成纤维壁和多个小腔。

If there's excess fluid in the pleural space it absorbs some of this vibration energy, and the vibrations can't be felt as strongly.

如果胸膜腔内有过量的液体，液体可收部分震动，使震动减。

Alright, as a quick recap - a pleural effusion is when fluid collects in the pleural space around the lungs, restricting expansion and causing pain and difficulty breathing.

得！快速回顾一下：胸腔积液是指液体汇聚于包绕在肺周围的胸膜腔内，限制肺扩张，造成胸痛和困难。

To remove pleural effusion fluid both to relieve symptoms but also to find out the cause, a thoracentesis can be done.

为移除胸腔积液以缓解症状和找到病因，可行胸腔穿刺术。

Pleural effusions can be due to excess fluid collection, transudative and exudative, or due to blockage of lymphatic drainage.

胸腔积液是由于液体形成过快，分漏出性胸水渗出性胸水，或者由于淋巴引流阻塞，液体收过缓。

If there were no way out of the pleural space, then it would fill up with fluid, but fortunately, there are lymphatic vessels in the pleura that drain the fluid away and deliver it back into the circulatory system.

如果没有从胸膜腔出来的途径，那么液体将填满这个间隙，不过幸好，胸膜里的淋巴管能将液体引流出胸膜腔，并送回循环系统。

If there's a pleural effusion, we have to rule out heart failure.

- 如果有胸腔积液，我们必须排除心力衰竭。

This pressure gradient between the lungs and the pleural cavity is referred to as transpulmonary pressure and creates a vacuum effect that is necessary to keep the lungs expanded at all times.

肺和胸膜腔之间的这种压力梯度被称为经肺压，产生真空效应，这是保持肺始终扩张所必需的。

Symptoms of a pleural effusions mostly depend on it's size.

胸腔积液的症状主要取决于积液的多少。

Organs are covered by pleural membranes, which essentially prevents the organs from rubbing all over each other.

器官被胸膜覆盖，这基本可以防止器官相互摩擦。

It's a micro tumor, started in his lung which caused a pleural effusion.

- 这是一个微小的肿瘤，起源于他的肺部，导致胸腔积液。

In summary, each pleural cavity is defined by a space surrounding each lung and lined by a pleural membrane.

总之，每个胸膜腔由包饶肺和胸膜层间的间隙构成。

On an X-ray taken of someone lying down, gravity will cause the freely mobile pleural effusion to settle along the chest wall, creating a layering effect.

患者平卧位胸片，重力使自由移动的胸腔积液沿胸壁分布，形成肺野密度增加的现象。

The pressure within this pleural cavity is referred to as the intrapleural pressure, and it is less than the intrapulmonary pressure - that's the pressure within the lungs.

这个胸膜腔内的压力被称为胸膜内压力，它小于肺内压力——肺内压力。