So slavery is necessary for the life of the polis for there to be open to citizens.

因此，了让公民有机会过上城邦生活，奴隶制必要。

Most poleis were governed by rich aristocrats, who  monopolized the best lands and political power.

大多数城邦都由富有贵族统治，他们垄断了最好土地和政治权力。

Politics, which is the business of people being together, " polis" meaning people.

政治，人聚在一起事， “polis” 就人意思。

By the 8th century BCE, poleis, city-states, began to merge as agricultural and trading hubs.

到了公元前8世纪，城邦，即城市国家，开始作业和贸易中心合并起来。

The common good requires that we live together in a polis.

共同利益要求我们共同生活在城邦中。

It's the polis and participating in the polis that makes you truly human.

正参与城邦事务，才使你真正成人。

I mean, like one wants to think of like, well, what about like a Greek polis?

我说，就像你想到了像希腊城邦这东西？

It testifies to the active, public debate about man, language and the polis in democratic Athens.

它证明了民主雅典关于人、语言和城邦积极公开辩论。

The claim is that poetry that does this will have to be excluded from a philosophically well-ordered polis.

声称这诗歌将不得不被排除在哲学上井然有序城邦之外。

" The end and purpose of a polis is the good life, and the institutions of social life are means to that end."

“城邦目标和目美好生活，社会生活体制就此而建立。”

Well, yeah, as a political scientist, my preoccupation is with the polis and the discourse that's necessary in a polis.

嗯， 没错， 作一名政治学家，我关注城邦以及在城邦中必不可少言论交流。

The influence of  the Mycenaeans is evident in early artifacts, and by the time of Classical Greece, Salamis  was a flourishing polis.

迈锡尼人影响在早期文物中清晰可见，到了古典希腊时期，萨拉米斯已成繁荣城邦。

" A polis is not an association for residents on a common site, or for the sake of preventing mutual injustice and easing exchange." Aristotle writes.

“城邦不仅仅同一地区居民团体，也不仅仅了预防彼此间不公或了方便交易。”亚里士多德写道。

No, I mean, the Greek, when Aristotle talks about political, you know, man is a political animal, he's meaning man is a man of the polis.

不，我说，希腊人，当亚里士多德谈论政治时，你知道，“人政治动物”，他意思人城邦成员。

For Aristotle the whole point of law, the purpose of polis is to shape character, to cultivate the virtue of citizens, to inculcate civic excellence, to make possible a good way of life.

对亚里士多德而言，法律意义，以及城邦目都在于塑造公民性格，培养公民德行，教授公民才能，让美好生活成可能。

For Goldhill—and we will return to this in Part 5—it is therefore striking that Aristotle barely mentions the polis in the Poetics and the civic frame of tragedy is silenced.

对于戈德希尔——我们将在第 5 部分回到这一点——因此令人惊讶， 亚里士多德在《诗学》中几乎没有提到城邦， 而悲剧公民框架却被沉默了。

One of the things that looks a little different from Roman social structure, if you look at like a Greek polis, the hoplite class seems to have been kind of small.

与罗马社会结构相比，如果你看看像希腊城邦那社会，重装步兵阶层似乎相当小。

He gives a partial answer, a preliminary answer, in Book One of the Politics where he tells us that only by living in a polis, and participating in politics, do we fully realize our nature as human beings.

他在《政治学》第一卷中给出了一个不完整初步答案。书中他说，只有生活在城邦中，只有参与政治，我们才能完全实现人类本性。

In that environment, it's not surprising that every single state, from the very largest like Roman Carthage, down to the tiniest Greek polis in the Sicilian countryside or the Peloponnese, fought wars with alarming regularity.

在这种环境下，从像罗马和迦太基这大型国家，到西西里乡村或伯罗奔尼撒半岛上最小希腊城邦，每个国家都以惊人频率卷入战争， 这一点也不令人意外。

A " polis" is a Greek word meaning " city, " so the name Indianapolis means, if you will, " Indiana City, " " Indiana" coming from the word " Indian" meaning, in this case, Native Americans.

" Polis" 希腊语， 意“城市” ，因此 Indianapolis 这个名字，可以理解“印第安纳城市” ，其中“印第安纳” 源自“Indian” ，在这里指美洲原住民。