In postmenopausal osteoporosis, decreased estrogen levels lead to increased bone resorption.

在后骨质疏松中，雌激素减少引发了骨吸收增加。

Femoral neck fractures and distal radius fractures can also occur, and they're often associated with postmenopausal osteoporosis.

股骨颈骨折、桡骨远端骨折也时有发生，而且它们一般和后骨质疏松相关。

Both serous and malignant cystadenocarcinomas are cysts with an inflamed and swollen lining, and they commonly arise in postmenopausal women.

两种浆液性且恶性囊腺癌都由发炎肿胀囊泡排列而成，同时它们通常见后女性。

Postmenopausal women like me, not that long ago, were considered useless or crazy.

不久前，像我这样后妇女认为是无用或疯狂。

Yes, let's hear it for postmenopausal.

是，让我们听听后。

Paying attention to heart health is vital. Postmenopausal women experience a decline in estrogen, which can increase the risk for heart disease.

关注心脏健康至关重要。后女性雌激素水平下降，这会增加患心脏病风险。

Finally, medications like denosumab, which is a monoclonal antibody that inhibits osteoclasts, and raloxifene, which is a selective estrogen receptor modulator, can be used for postmenopausal osteoporosis.

最后，地诺单抗等药物作为单克隆抗体可抑制破骨细胞；雷洛昔芬，一种有选择性雌激素受体调节器，可以用后骨质疏松。

So I think people got too focused on that metabolism side, or what I hear a lot of is from postmenopausal women, I'll hear somebody say, my metabolism dropped.

所以我认为人们过关注新陈代谢方面，或者我听到很多后妇女说，我会听到有人说， 我新陈代谢下降了。

He and other researchers said the findings could be important for orca conservation, suggesting it's just as vital to protect older, postmenopausal females as it is younger females of breeding age and their offspring.

他和其他研究人员都认为这些发现可能对保护虎鲸意义重大，因为研究发现保护年龄较大、后雌鲸与保护育龄年轻雌鲸及其后代同样重要。

Dr. Nattrass said the study could point to some answers. It found that postmenopausal killer whales provided the biggest boost to their grandcalves' chances of survival, beyond that provided by grandmother killer whales that were still breeding.

纳特拉斯博士认为这项研究可能会指向一些答案。 研究发现，后虎鲸可以最大程度提升孙辈存活率，发挥作用超过那些仍在繁殖期祖母虎鲸。

Dr. Nattrass said postmenopausal killer whales are able to guide their families to salmon when it's scarce, using stores of " ecological knowledge" gained over decades of life experience. Without that knowledge, Dr. Nattrass said, the grandcalves could die.

纳特拉斯博士说后虎鲸能够利用几十年生活验中积累" 生态知识" ，在鲑鱼稀缺时候，指导家人捕食鲑鱼。 如果没有这些知识，虎鲸幼崽很可能难以生存。