In postmenopausal osteoporosis, decreased estrogen levels lead to increased bone resorption.

在骨质疏松中，雌激素减少引发了骨吸收增加。

Femoral neck fractures and distal radius fractures can also occur, and they're often associated with postmenopausal osteoporosis.

股骨颈骨折、桡骨远端骨折也时有发生，而且它们一般和骨质疏松相关。

And yet, we have this postmenopausal life stage.

然而，我们还有这个更年期生活阶段。

Postmenopausal women like me, not that long ago, were considered useless or crazy.

像我这样女性，不算太久以前，都被认为是无用或疯癫。

Yes, let's hear it for postmenopausal.

是，让我们听听声音。

I've been postmenopausal for several years.

我已多年了。

Paying attention to heart health is vital. Postmenopausal women experience a decline in estrogen, which can increase the risk for heart disease.

关注心脏健康至关重要。女性雌激素水平下降，这会增加心脏病风险。

I think postmenopausal, that drops all the way down from the

我认为，雌激素水平会大幅下降。

And most of the time, well, I'm postmenopausal, so I'm quite comfortable, but normally I would be freezing, right?

大多数时候， 我已过了更年期，所以感觉挺舒服， 常情况下， 我会冷得发抖，对吧？

So creatine monohydrate is wonderful and particularly we're seeing a lot of benefits in women, postmenopausal women and older populations.

所以肌酸单水合物非常棒，特别是我们看到它在女性、女性以及老年人群中有很多益处。

We are talking about mostly postmenopausal women, but another risk factor that we commonly see in osteoporosis is patients with chronic steroid use.

我们讨论对象主要是女性，另一个在骨质疏松症者中常见风险因素是长期使用类固醇者。

Finally, medications like denosumab, which is a monoclonal antibody that inhibits osteoclasts, and raloxifene, which is a selective estrogen receptor modulator, can be used for postmenopausal osteoporosis.

最，地诺单抗等药物作为单克隆抗体可抑制破骨细胞；雷洛昔芬，一种有选择性雌激素受体调节器，可以被用于骨质疏松。

Yeah, so the most optimistic read of this evidence is that you should just treat every postmenopausal woman with at least one dose of zelandronate.

是，对这一证据最乐观解读是，你应该给每位女性至少服用一剂唑仑膦酸盐。

So I think people got too focused on that metabolism side, or what I hear a lot of is from postmenopausal women, I'll hear somebody say, my metabolism dropped.

所以我认为人们过于关注新陈代谢方面，或者我听到很多妇女说，我会听到有人说， 我新陈代谢下降了。

He and other researchers said the findings could be important for orca conservation, suggesting it's just as vital to protect older, postmenopausal females as it is younger females of breeding age and their offspring.

他和其他研究人员都认为这些发现可能对保护虎鲸意义重大，因为研究发现保护年龄较大、雌鲸与保护育龄年轻雌鲸及其代同样重要。

Unfortunately, Avenity comes with this black box warning about increased cardiovascular risk because of this signal in the ARCH trial where there was two-fold increase in major adverse cardiovascular events in postmenopausal women.

遗憾是，Avenity附带了这一关于增加心血管风险“黑框警告”，因为在ARCH试验中，这一信号显示，妇女发生重大不良心血管事件风险增加了两倍。

Dr. Nattrass said the study could point to some answers. It found that postmenopausal killer whales provided the biggest boost to their grandcalves' chances of survival, beyond that provided by grandmother killer whales that were still breeding.

纳特拉斯博士认为这项研究可能会指向一些答案。 研究发现，虎鲸可以最大程度提升孙辈存活率，发挥作用超过那些仍在繁殖期祖母虎鲸。

Dr. Nattrass said postmenopausal killer whales are able to guide their families to salmon when it's scarce, using stores of " ecological knowledge" gained over decades of life experience. Without that knowledge, Dr. Nattrass said, the grandcalves could die.

纳特拉斯博士说虎鲸能够利用几十年生活验中积累" 生态知识" ，在鲑鱼稀缺时候，指导家人捕食鲑鱼。 如果没有这些知识，虎鲸幼崽很可能难以生存。

For my patients, now, I am not quite ready to say that a patient with a normal bone density, who is in this age group, who is postmenopausal, should receive one or several doses of zoledronic acid.

对于我者，目前我还不能断言，一位处于该年龄段、已且骨密度正常者，应该接受一次或几次唑仑膦酸治疗。

Yeah, because one group, there's a lot of different people besides postmenopausal or perimenopausal women who take hormone replacement therapy, intersex people, people who are born with ambiguous genitalia, because like we mentioned that whole amazingly intricate dance of

是，因为有一组人， 除了期或围期女性之外， 还有很多不同人会接受激素替代疗法，包括间性人士和出生时就具有模糊生殖器特征人，因为我们提到过整个复杂精妙激素舞蹈。