Objectives To evaluate the methods and effect of using modified annularity ligation to the treatment of pediatric redundant prepuce and phimosis.

目的探环扎法治疗小儿包过长和包茎的方法和效果。

Objective:To investigate the method and results of free prepuce infrabasal or bladder mucosa in the treatment of hypospadias.

探采用离包内板或膀胱粘膜治疗尿道下裂的方法及效果。

Necrotic posthitis is characterized by evertive swelling, edema and necrosis in the prepuce of feedlot steers and bulls.

坏死炎以育牛场的阉牛和公牛中所出现的外翻肿胀，水肿和坏死为特征。