Even in Chaucer's Canterbury Tales the monk, the friar, the pardoner, and the prioress are definitely seen as symbols of wealth, and greed rather than humility and piety.

使在乔叟的《坎特伯雷故事集》中，僧侣、修道、赦罪僧女修道院院长也被明确地视为贪婪的象征，而不是谦逊虔诚的象征。