Prokaryotes were starved for P, so their population likely stalled for hundreds of millions of years.

原核生物缺乏磷，所以它数量可能停滞了数亿年。

Prokaryotes didn't gradually morph into eukaryotes through a bunch of gradual evolutionary steps.

原核生物不是通过一系列渐进进化步骤逐渐变成真核生物。

Up until this point, all cells were prokaryotes: simple bags of stuff without any division of labor going on inside.

在这之前，所有细胞都是原核生物：有物质，没有任何分工。

Archaea and bacteria are prokaryotes, and because they do not have nuclei in their DNA, it is located in their cytoplasm.

古生菌和细菌都是原核生物，因为它 DNA 没有细胞核，细胞核位于细胞质。

About 3.7 billion years ago, single-celled  microbes, called prokaryotes, first evolved on our planet.

大约 37 亿年前，称为原核生物单细胞微生物首先在我星球上进化。

Roughly one billion years later, prokaryotes evolved into more complicated eukaryotes.

大约 10 亿年后，原核生物进化成更复杂真核生物。

Some time around here Prokaryotes like bacteria begin colonizing the planet.

大约在这个时期，像细菌这样原核生物开始在地球上定居。

The next two words are eukaryotes and prokaryotes.

接下来两个词是真核生物和原核生物。

Prokaryotes are going to be way smaller then eukaryotes.

原核细胞要比真核细胞小得多。

They look a lot like bacteria–prokaryotes–but Archaea have unique internal machinery.

它看起来很像细菌——原核生物——但古细菌具有独特内部机制。

Eukaryotes and prokaryotes are two basic types of cells that differ mainly in their internal structures.

真核生物和原核生物是两种基本类型细胞，它主要区别在于内部结构。

Prokaryotes are simpler cells without a nucleus, such as bacteria.

原核生物是没有细胞核简单细胞，如细菌。

Eukaryotes are more complex and larger, while prokaryotes are smaller and less complex.

真核生物更为复杂且体型较大，而原核生物则体型较小且结构较为简单。

But it's just as important in prokaryotes as it is in us.

但在原核生物，它同样重要。

But also it's important in prokaryotes.

但它在原核生物也同样重要。

In prokaryotes or in bacteria, and we could throw archaea on with this as well, they show what's called horizontal acquisition.

在原核生物或细菌， 我也可以包括古菌，它展示了所谓水平获得。

So a lot of biologists tell me the big difficult leap is from the prokaryotes to the eukaryotes, so like the complex life.

许多生物学家告诉我， 从原核生物到真核生物跨越是一个巨大难题，就像复杂生命出现那样。

But it looks like life which is going to be eukaryotes and prokaryotes are going to be right in this kind of a sweet spot.

但看起来，无论是真核细胞还是原核细胞，都正好处于这样一个理想范围内。

Bacteria are going to be these single cell prokaryotes.

细菌将是这些单细胞原核生物。