And pyruvate dehydrogenase is the connection between those two.

丙酮脱气酶是连系两者的纽带。

It comes in, gets metabolized down to pyruvate and enters the mitochondria.

它进入人体，被新陈代谢成丙酮，然后进入线粒体。

What doesn't go to glycogen gets metabolized down to pyruvate.

没去变成原的部分，会被代谢成丙酮。

The pyruvate goes through the TCA cycle, produces a bunch of citrate, and that gets converted down to VLDL.

丙酮经过三羧，产生一堆柠檬盐，并且被转换成 VLDL。

So the mechanism of action was primarily by stimulating pyruvate dehydrogenase.

因此，其作用机制主是通过刺激丙酮脱氢酶。

So what do we start with, glucose and we break that down into pyruvate.

我们从葡始，将其分解为丙酮。

Like that immediately gonna give you an idea, okay, is my pyruvate dehydrogenase, is my electron transfer chain?

就像这样立刻给你一个想法，好吗， 我的丙酮脱氢酶，我的电子传递链？

So it's going to recycle NADH back to NAD by converting the pyruvate into lactate.

所以它会通过将丙酮转化为乳，把烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷还原酶（NADH）回收成烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷（NAD）。

So this is where you can check the pyruvate to lactate.

所以这里你可以检查丙酮到乳的转化。

If lactate is high, pyruvate is low, you likely have insufficient NAD to NADH.

如果乳水平高而丙酮水平低，很可能是因为烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷（NAD）转化为还原型烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷（NADH）不足。

Anandasankar Ray says a product based on Ethyl pyruvate may cost less to manufacture than DEET, the most effective chemical treatment now in use.

Anandasankar Ray说基于丙酮乙酯的一种产品的制造成本可能低于避蚊胺（DEET），后者是目前最有效的化学方法。

So when glucose has been broken down into pyruvate via glycolysis in the cytosol, it consumes NAD to create NADH.

所以当葡在细胞质中通过酵解分解成丙酮时，会消耗烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷来生成还原型烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷。

And then this would be pyruvate and we're making ATP and we're making NADH down here as well.

然后这里会产生丙酮，同时我们在这里也制造了三磷腺苷（ATP）和还原型烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷（NADH）。

How is your body converting that pyruvate into lactate?

你的身体是如何将丙酮转化为乳的？

So to start glycolysis, which is the breakdown of glucose into pyruvate, you have to actually add a little bit of ATP.

因此， 启动酵解过程， 即将葡分解为丙酮，实际上需先加入少量三磷腺苷（ATP）。

And so there's a series of intermediates or steps that we must go through just to make that pyruvate.

因此，我们需经历一系列中间产物或步骤，才能生成丙酮。

So, DCA is a drug that stimulates pyruvate dehydrogenase.

所以，DCA是一种刺激丙酮脱氢酶的药物。

So the kinase enzymes inhibit pyruvate dehydrogenase from working.

所以激酶酶会抑制丙酮脱氢酶的活性。

So your glucose is only being converted to pyruvate.

所以你的葡只被转化为丙酮。

But when you look at the pyruvate to lactate ratio, that can give you an idea of the cytosolic NAD to NADH ratio.

但当你查看丙酮到乳的比例时，这可以给你一个细胞质中烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷到还原型烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷比例的概念。