Congenital microphthalmia is a developmental defect of ocular disorder with autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, and X-linked recessive modes of inheritance.
Oculocutaneous albinism(OCA) is a group of autosomal recessive disorders of melanin synthesis,which is characterized by congenital hypopigmentation of skin,hair and eyes.
For crop improvement,haploidy enables the achievement of rapid homozygosity, enhanced selection efficiency for recessive genes, and breeding at a diallelic state for autopolyploid species.