OUR BIOLOGY TEACHER asked the class whether anyone knew what the word retrovirus meant.

生物老师问班上有没有人知道逆转录病毒的意思。

I bet it was Barbara Chen in retrovirus.

肯定是逆转录酶病毒部门的Barbara Chen。

One kid raised his hand and said, " Retrovirus, or more commonly known as ... disco fever."

“逆转录病毒，或更通俗的说法是… … 迪斯科狂热。”

HIV, a retrovirus that infects various human cell types, can lead to FSGS and is called HIV-associated nephropathy.

HIV，一种感染人类不同细胞的逆转录病毒，可能导致FSGS，称为HIV相关肾病。

HIV is a single-stranded, positive-sense, enveloped RNA retrovirus, meaning that it injects its single strand of RNA into the T-helper cell.

HIV是单链、正义、有囊膜的RNA逆转录病毒，也就是说，病毒会将单链DNA注入辅助T细胞中。

Keywork 1983 Isolation of a T lymphotropic retrovirus from a patient at risk for AIDS.

1983年 有艾滋病风险的患中分离出一种T淋巴细胞嗜性逆转录病毒。

In fact, these endogenous retroviruses, as they're known, make up about 8% of our genome.

事实上，这些被称为内源性逆转录病毒的古老DNA序列，约占我们基因组的8%。

Yes, they noted enrichment of things like human endogenous retroviruses, or HERVs, and specific alternative splicing events in SRCC.

是的，他们注意到在SRCC中存在人类内源性逆转录病毒（HERVs）以及特定的替代性剪接事件的富集。

HIV is a retrovirus, meaning it integrates copies of itself into an infected cell's DNA, allowing it to replicate and infect other cells.

艾滋病病毒是一种逆转录病毒，它能把自身遗传物质整合到被感染细胞的DNA中，实现自我感染其他细胞。

Because HIV is a retrovirus, the RNA is transcribed into DNA, represented here by a zipper of two RNA strands transcribing into DNA.

由于艾滋病毒是反向病毒，所以RNA被转录为DNA，在这里以拉鍊代表两条RNA转录为DNA。

The one thing itdoes do is make it possible for retroviruses, such as the AIDS virus, to slip unnoticed into the human system.

它所做的一件事就是使诸如艾滋病病毒的逆转录酶病毒神不知鬼不觉地溜进人体系统中。

It is called the porcine endogenous retrovirus (PERV), and this virus has the potential to cause a viral epidemic similar to HIV.

它被称为猪内源性逆转录病毒 (PERV)，这种病毒有可能引起类似于 HIV 的病毒流行。

And it was actually an endogenous retrovirus that integrated into our DNA that allowed that to happen, and it was a mutation.

实际上， 是一种内源性逆转录病毒整合入我们的DNA， 才使得这一变化成为可能，而这正是一种突变。

Raquel says that while the essential processes involved in early embryogenesis are similar across mammalian species, the pattern of endogenous retrovirus sequences isn't.

拉奎尔指出，尽管早期胚胎发生过程中涉及的基本过程在哺乳动物物种间相似，但内源性逆转录病毒序列的分布模式却各不相同。

But reducing the risk of, say, endogenous pig retroviruses busting into human hosts like a horror movie and our own immune systems trying to evict this precious organ.

但降低风险，比如内源性猪逆转录病毒像恐怖片一样侵入人体宿主，以及我们自身的免疫系统试图将这个珍贵的器官驱逐出去。

The " retro" part of retrovirus isn't referring to its style, but refers to it needing to use an enzyme called reverse transcriptase to transcribe a complementary double-stranded piece of " proviral" DNA.

逆转录病毒“retrovirus”中的“retro”不是指古风格，而是指它需要逆转录酶合成前病毒DNA的互补双链。

Scientists wanted to know the structure of a protein-cutting enzyme produced by a retrovirus similar to HIV. They haven't been able to solve the protein structure using standard computational methods.

科学家们很想掌握由反向病毒所衍生的蛋白剪切酶的结构，而反向病毒是指，比如HIV这样的病毒。这类蛋白结构是不能通过标准算法法则推导就直接得出的。

RNA tests screen for viral RNA, so they also detect the virus directly, and DNA tests look for copies of the viral RNA (since remember it's a retrovirus so it copies its genetic material into DNA).

RNA检测是筛查病毒RNA，因此可以直接检测病毒；DNA检测是检测病毒RNA的产物，因为HIV是逆转录病毒，它将自身的遗传物质到DNA中。