These viruses are the same ones that cause the common cold like rhinovirus, coronavirus, influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus- or RSV for short, and parainfluenza virus.

这些致病病毒与导致普通感冒的病毒相同，如鼻病毒、冠状病毒、流感病毒、呼吸道合胞病毒（简称RSV）以及副流感病毒。

Not necessarily. Many common colds are caused by rhinoviruses that have a geometric protein structure called a capsid instead of a lipid membrane.

未必。普通感冒是由鼻病毒引发的，它有一种称为“衣壳”的几何蛋白构，而不是脂构。

In addition to rhinoviruses, the common cold can also be caused by coronaviruses, like COVID-19, as well as respiratory syncytial virus and RSV.

除了鼻病毒，普通感冒还可能由冠状病毒（如新冠病毒）以及呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）引起。

Once rhinovirus has been introduced to the respiratory mucosa, it targets cell surface receptors expressed at the surface of nasal epithelial cells.

一旦鼻病毒被进入呼吸道粘，它的目标是在鼻上皮细胞表面表达的细胞表面受体。

Many common colds are caused by rhinoviruses that have a geometric protein structure called a capsid instead of a lipid membrane.

普通感冒是由鼻病毒引发的，它有一种称为“衣壳”的几何蛋白构，而不是脂构。

The common cold is often caused by a rhinovirus.

普通感冒通常由鼻病毒引起。

On the other hand, rhinoviruses commonly infect the epithelium of the respiratory mucosa, which lines the nasal cavity.

另一方面，鼻病毒通常会感染鼻腔周围的呼吸道粘上皮细胞。

Rhinovirus is mainly diagnosed clinically; especially when " common cold" symptoms are present without additional complications, concerning physical findings, or relevant medical history.

通常鼻病毒感染可临床诊断，尤其当出现感冒症状却没有其它并发症时，可由一些理变化或相关病史来诊断疾病。

Now, because rhinovirus infections tend to be mild and self-limited, treatment typically centers on relieving symptoms and preventing other people from becoming infected.

由于鼻病毒感染趋于轻度且自限，因此治疗通常集中在缓解症状和防止他人感染上。

Now, rhinovirus belongs to the picornaviridae family of viruses.

鼻病毒属于小核糖核酸病毒。

So rhinovirus transmission occurs through contact with infected respiratory secretions, like snot and aerosols, particularly from nose blowing or sneezing.

因此，鼻病毒通过接触受感染的呼吸道分泌物传播，如鼻涕和气溶胶，尤其是擤鼻涕或打喷嚏。

There are more than 200 cold viruses, the most common of which are rhinoviruses (from the Greek " rin-, " for " nose" ).

有 200 种感冒病毒，其中最常见的是鼻病毒（ 来自希腊语“ rin- ” ，意为“ 鼻子” ） 。

The symptoms of a rhinovirus infection are actually those often associated with the " common cold" .

鼻病毒感染的症状实际上是经常与“普通感冒”相关的症状。

Here's one fact in our favor: a single family of viruses causes 30 to 50% of all colds: rhinovirus.

有一个事实对我们有利：一个病毒家族导致 30% 到 50% 的感冒：鼻病毒。

This attachment allows for rhinovirus to be eaten, or endocytosed, into the host cell.

这种附着允许鼻病毒被吞食或内吞进入宿主细胞。

Price's vaccine, for reasons we don't fully understand, didn't provide broad protection, meaning it was only effective against one or maybe a few subtypes of rhinovirus— out of 169 subtypes and counting.

普莱斯的疫苗，出于我们不完全理解的原因，没有提供广泛的保护，这意味着它只对鼻病毒的一种或几种亚型有效——在 169 种亚型中，并且还在增加。

Touching an infected surface, like a door handle or shaking hands, and then touching an uninfected respiratory mucosa is a main way to transfer an infection - that's because rhinoviruses can survive up to 2 hours on the skin, and 4 days on surfaces.

触摸有病毒附着的表面（如门把手或握手），然后接触未受感染的呼吸道粘是传播感染的主要途径，因为鼻病毒可在皮肤上存活2小时，在物体表面可存活4天。

Well we now know that a cold, or a rhinovirus is going to look like this.

我们现在知道，感冒病毒或者说鼻病毒的样子是这样的。

This is a picture of a typical rhinovirus.

这是一张典型的鼻病毒图片。

In 1957, William Price vaccinated 50 kids with inactivated rhinovirus and gave 50 others a placebo.

1957 年，威廉·普莱斯 (William Price) 为 50 名儿童接种了灭活鼻病毒疫苗，并给另外 50 名儿童注射了安慰剂。