They advance against that standard, rather than the pestilence, beggary and injustice of serfdom.

他们按照这个标准，而不是将对抗瘟疫、贫困和农奴制不公定为方向。

This breakdown of serfdom and feudalism was followed by social unrest and rebellions when the aristocracy tried to fight the demands of the workers.

农奴制和封建制度崩溃，随之而来是社会动荡和叛乱，贵试图反抗工人要求。

Ask why property rights are weak and you may be taken further back, to the end of serfdom in 1861.

询问为什么财产权如此脆弱，你可能会被带回到1861年农奴制结束时候。

When Catherine realized her core support came from those same landlords, she did an about-face and actually increased serfdom.

当凯瑟琳意识到她核心支持者来自这些地主时，她做了一个大转变，反而加重了农奴制。

But, at the same time, she'd failed in her goal to abolish serfdom, just as she'd failed to institute reforms that improved life for the 95% of the population who lived outside the cities.

但与此同时，她未能实现废除农奴制目标，就像她未能实施改善 95% 居住在城市以外人口生活改革一样。

That is the whole principle of serfdom.

这就是农奴制全部原则。

And it's like, oh, okay, time to learn a little bit about serfdom and whatnot.

于是乎，哦，好吧，是时候稍微了解一下农奴制之类东西了。

And even after serfdom was abolished, the peasant class remained very poor.

即使在农奴制被废除后，农民阶级依然极度贫困。

And the plan for you was eternal regret and never-ending serfdom.

而对你安排则是永恒悔恨和无尽奴役。

But we have racialized things to the extent that it's almost a type of serfdom.

但我们已经将事物到了近乎一农奴制程度。

One thing is true is that because of everything going on, like, With serfdom, serfdom was horrible and nobles definitely and absolutely abused and I believe to a certain degree tortured their serfs.

一个事实是， 由于当时生一切，比如农奴制， 农奴制非常糟糕， 贵确实绝对地虐待他们农奴， 我相信在某程度上还折磨他们。

But when Lenin died and Stalin took over, he quickly lost his taste for the revolution, became a critic, someone who Hayek in fact quotes in The Road to Serfdom.

然而，列宁去世、斯大林接管政权后，他迅速对革命失去了兴趣，转而成为一名批评者， 事实上，哈耶克在《通往奴役之路》一书中引用了他观点。

Published in 1944, " The Road to Serfdom" argued that state intervention often produced the need for further state intervention and, with it, raised the chances of fascism.

1944 年出版《通往奴役之路》认为，国家干预往往会产生进一步国家干预需要，并随之增加法西斯主义可能性。

So you hanker for the days of serfdom.

这么说 你向往奴隶社会。

Creating Dictatorships The argument for which Hayek is best remembered appeared in 1944 in The Road to Serfdom.

创建独裁制度 哈耶克最为人铭记论点于1944年出现在《通往奴役之路》一书中。

It was an understandable response to a thousand-year history of Mongol invasions, byzantine intrigues, great famines, pervasive serfdom, unbridled tyranny, countless insurrections, bloody revolutions, crippling wars, years-long sieges, and millions upon millions slaughtered—all on a frigid landscape that forgave nothing.

这是可以理解，因为一千年来蒙古人入侵、拜占庭式阴谋、大饥荒、无处不在农奴制、肆无忌惮暴政、无数起义、血腥革命、残酷战争、长达数年围困和数以百万计屠杀——所有这些都在一个不宽恕任何人寒冷土地上。

Children of free men were also deemed free,   and serfdom awaited for the children of serfs.

自由人孩子也被认为是自由，农奴孩子等待着农奴制。

The characterization of Russian domestic serfs as " human machines" is an acerbic jibe at Russian serfdom, in force until 1861.

将俄国家农奴定性为“人类机器”是对俄国农奴制尖锐嘲讽，这制度一直持续到 1861 年。

There doesn't seem to be this inevitable path to serfdom that you're talking about.

你所说那必然通向奴役道路似乎并不存在。

Russia had maintained a feudal system of serfdom up to the mid-1800s, much longer than other countries in Europe, which meant around 23 million people in the Russian Empire had until recently been forced to serve the landowning nobility.

俄罗斯维持封建农奴制直至19世纪中叶，这一制度存在时间远超欧洲其他国家，这意味着在不久前， 俄罗斯帝国约2300万人口仍被迫为地主贵劳作。