Has a medical condition like Down syndrome or spina bifida?

因为唐氏症或者柱裂而接受着治疗？

In spina bifida occulta, the spinal cord and surrounding tissue don't protrude, nor is any of the tissue forced into the spaces in between the vertebrae.

在隐性柱裂中，髓和周围组织均不突出，也没有任何组织被挤压到椎骨之间空间。

Neoffect CEO Scott Kim leaned on his own experience with rehab as a young child born with spina bifida.

Neoffect首席执行官斯科特？金在出生时就患有柱裂，他依靠自己在康复方面经验研发该项目。

Neural tube defects include spina bifida, a defect of the spine, as well as some brain defects.

神经包括柱裂，这种柱上一种，以及一些大脑。

For example, it could be a congenital defect like spina bifida, or an acquired one like a skull fracture, where there might be CSF leaking through the sinuses.

例如，它可以是先天，比如柱裂；或是后天获得，比如骨骨折，其中可能有脑液通过鼻窦泄漏。

And spina bifida occurs when a portion of this neural tube fails to close properly, typically in the lower back.

当神经一部分不能正常闭合时，就会发生柱裂，一般在腰部。

Alright, the second type of spina bifida is meningocele, sometimes called a meningeal cyst.

第二种类柱裂是膜膨出，有时也称为膜囊肿。

In fact, occulta is latin for hidden, which is appropriate, since many of the normal prenatal tests used to diagnose spina bifida don't catch the disorder, because the deformities in the tissues of the lower back are tiny.

“occulta”在拉丁语中就是“隐藏”意思，顾名思义，许多用于诊断柱裂常规产前检查无法发现这种类，因为其腰部畸形很小。

Other risk factors for having a child with spina bifida include obesity, poorly controlled diabetes, and taking medications that interfere with folate metabolism, like certain anti-seizure medications.

柱裂其它危险因素包括肥胖、糖尿病控制不佳、服用干扰叶酸代谢药物，比如某些抗癫痫药物等。

Now, the exact cause of all three types of spina bifida isn't known, but there are known risk factors like folate or Vitamin B9 deficiency during fetal development.

这三种柱裂确切病因尚不清楚，但也有已知风险因素，如胎儿发育期间乏叶酸（维生素B9）。

In fact, Cash's story begins when his parents went in to get a routine pregnancy ultrasound and were told his spinal cord would never develop properly because he had a condition called spina bifida.

事实上，卡什故事始于他父母去做常规孕期超声波检查时，被告知他髓因患有柱裂而无法正常发育。

A long-running project following 285,000 Chinese women, begun in 1983, helped demonstrate that folic acid could prevent spina bifida, a rare birth defect.

1983 年开始一个长期项目跟踪了 285,000 名中国女性，帮助证明叶酸可以预防柱裂（一种罕见先天）。

There's still a documented disparity in rates of neural tube defects, including spina bifida between Hispanic and non-Hispanic populations in the United States.

在美国，西班牙裔与非西班牙裔人口之间，包括柱裂在内神经发生率仍存在记录在案差异。

Alright, the third type and final type is spina bifida occulta, and this is the most common and most mild form of spina bifida.

第三种，也是最后一种，叫做隐性柱裂；这是最常见同时也是最轻微柱裂类。

I was born with spina bifida, so I've been paralyzed my whole life and it's the only life I know.

我出生时就有柱裂，所以我一生都是瘫痪， 这是我唯一知道生活。

This one's the least common form of spina bifida, and because the spinal cord itself is not damaged, these individuals often do not experience the severe symptoms that are seen in myelomeningocele.

这是最少见一种类，由于髓本身并无损伤，患者通常不会出现髓膜膨出那样严重症状。

My grandmother got involved in the spina bifida community when my aunt was born with it in 1970.

1970年，我姑姑出生时患有柱裂，自那时起，我祖母便投身于柱裂患者群体中。

My grandmother vividly remembers when folate started being included as one of the vitamins in enriched grains and how quickly it seemed to affect the number of children born with spina bifida.

我祖母清晰地记得，当叶酸开始被纳入强化谷物维生素之一时，以及它似乎如何迅速地影响了出生时患有柱裂儿童数量。

We have talked, I think, in the recent behind the scenes about my mom and my mom's work with disabled people for most of her career and that included working with some kids with spina bifida.

我想我们在最近幕后花絮中谈到了我妈妈，以及她职业生涯中大部分时间都在从事与残疾人相关工作，这其中包括与一些患有柱裂孩子们合作。