Down syndrome, cystic fibrosis, spina bifida.

唐氏综合症，囊胞性纤维症，柱。

Has a medical condition like Down syndrome or spina bifida?

因唐氏症或者柱而接受着治疗？

Alright, the second type of spina bifida is meningocele, sometimes called a meningeal cyst.

第二种类型的柱膨出型，有时也称囊肿。

Neural tube defects include spina bifida, a defect of the spine, as well as some brain defects.

神经管缺陷包括柱，种柱上的一种缺陷，以及一些大脑缺陷。

Neoffect CEO Scott Kim leaned on his own experience with rehab as a young child born with spina bifida.

Neoffect首席执行官斯科特？金在出生时就患有柱，他依自己在康复方面的经验研发该项目。

And spina bifida occurs when a portion of this neural tube fails to close properly, typically in the lower back.

当神经管的一部分不能正常闭合时，就会发生柱，一般在腰部。

Alright, the third type and final type is spina bifida occulta, and this is the most common and most mild form of spina bifida.

第三种，也最后一种，叫做隐性柱；最常见同时也最轻微的柱类型。

A long-running project following 285,000 Chinese women, begun in 1983, helped demonstrate that folic acid could prevent spina bifida, a rare birth defect.

1983 年开始的一个长期项目跟踪了 285,000 名中国女性，帮助证明叶酸可以预防柱（一种罕见的先天缺陷）。

For example, it could be a congenital defect like spina bifida, or an acquired one like a skull fracture, where there might be CSF leaking through the sinuses.

例如，它可以先天的缺陷，比如柱；或后天获得的缺陷，比如颅骨骨折，其中可能有脑液通过鼻窦泄漏。

Other risk factors for having a child with spina bifida include obesity, poorly controlled diabetes, and taking medications that interfere with folate metabolism, like certain anti-seizure medications.

柱的其它危险因素包括肥胖、糖尿病控制不佳、服用干扰叶酸代谢的药物，比如某些抗癫痫药物等。

In spina bifida occulta, the spinal cord and surrounding tissue don't protrude, nor is any of the tissue forced into the spaces in between the vertebrae.

在隐性柱中，髓和周围组织均不突出，也没有任何组织被挤压到椎骨之间的空间。

Now, the exact cause of all three types of spina bifida isn't known, but there are known risk factors like folate or Vitamin B9 deficiency during fetal development.

三种柱的确切病因尚不清楚，但也有已知的风险因素，如胎儿发育期间缺乏叶酸（维生素B9）。

Women who do not get enough folic acid are at risk of giving birth to infants with part of their spinal cord or brain exposed. This disabling condition is called spina bifida.

那些服用叶酸不充足的孕妇，其产下的婴儿可能有部分柱外露，种疾病叫柱。

This one's the least common form of spina bifida, and because the spinal cord itself is not damaged, these individuals often do not experience the severe symptoms that are seen in myelomeningocele.

最少见的一种类型，由于髓本身并无损伤，患者通常不会出现髓膨出型那样的严重症状。

In fact, occulta is latin for hidden, which is appropriate, since many of the normal prenatal tests used to diagnose spina bifida don't catch the disorder, because the deformities in the tissues of the lower back are tiny.

“occulta”在拉丁语中就“隐藏”的意思，顾名思义，许多用于诊断柱的常规产前检查无法发现种类型，因其腰部的畸形很小。