Protonema (pl. protonemata) The young bryophyte gametophyte that develops following spore germination.

苔藓植物中直接由萌发形成的结构称为原丝体。

The differentiation  of its sporophore is bud—stipe—pileus differentiation—pileus mature—spore scatter.

灵芝的实体化过程，要经过菌芽—菌柄—菌盖化—菌盖成熟—飞散。

Zoospore An asexual motile spore produced by a zoosporangium.

由游动囊产的无性可自由运动的。

Zygospore A resistant sexual spore formed when a zygote develops a thick wall.

接合体在厚厚的细胞壁内形成的具有抗性的有性。

A spore can quickly spread and form a mould.

一能迅速蔓延并形成霉。

Tapetum (pl. tapeta) A food-rich layer surrounding the spore mother cells in the anthers of vascular plants.

维管植物花粉囊内包围母细胞的富含营养物质的一层结构。

Endospore, or spore, the round resistant dormant structure formed in the latter phase of the bacterial growth.

些细菌在长发育的后期，在细胞内形成的具有很强抗逆性的圆形或椭圆性的休眠构。

Conidium (conidiospore) (pl.conidia) An asexual spore of certain fungi, especially of the Ascomycota and Fungi Anamorphici e.g.

（无性）：些真菌产的无性。

The SEM results demonstrated that the sporoderm was ground and the inclusion of the spores eluted in groups.

扫描电镜结果表明，灵芝经过高速剪切粉碎破壁后，灵芝壁被打碎，内含物质呈团状溶出。

Slide 1-18 The dark brown body (A) in this picture is a spore sac (ascocarp), called a cleistothecium.

幻灯1-18 在这张照片中，暗棕色的小体（A）是一种囊（囊果），称为闭囊壳。

The spores of Bacillus popilliae which are specialized pathogens of the scarabaeid beetles are difficult to be reproduced in vitro.

日本金龟芽杆菌是一种在活有机体外很难产的昆虫病原体。

Aplanospore A nonmotile spore , characteristic of the pin molds and certain green algae of the phyla Clorophyta and Chrysomonada.

不能游动的，是绿藻门中些绿藻的特征。

There was also obvious difference in pathogenicity even if different hosts were inoculated by the same spore isolates of Venturia inaequalis.

同一菌株对不同寄主品种的致病力也存在较大差异。

However, other solvents, such as acetone and trichlorotrifluoroethane, were not and the procedure was adequate for recovering a known inoculum of spores.

不过其他溶剂（如丙酮和三氯三氟乙烷）就不会，操作适用于回收接种物。

Lomasome An infolding of the plasma membrane found particularly in fungal hyphae and spores, and also in some algae and higher plants.

原质膜的内折，尤其存在于真菌的菌丝和中，在些藻类和高等植物中也存在。

The effects of different concentrations of arsenic on spore germination and rhizoid and prothallium growth of Pteris vittata under aseptic condition were studied.

研究无菌条件下不同浓度砷对蜈蚣草的萌发、假根和原叶体长发育的影响。

As a result, this paper presents the 3D reconstruction segmentation display, and analysis results of pollen spore, chaperonin, head, cervical vertabra, tibia and carpale.

实现了花粉、伴侣、以及头颅、颈椎、胫骨、腕骨的三维重建析测量与割。

Slide 1-10 This is an organism known as Nigrospora, which means“black spore”.The 9 jet black structures in this photomicrograph are the single-celled spores (A).

幻灯1-10 这种真菌名为“黑霉”，意为“黑色的”，在这张显微照片中可以看到9黑色结构，为单细胞（A）。

One inclusion formed somewhat later exterior to the exosporium. Another inclusion was formed within the exosporium and remained with the spore after mother cell lysis.

当芽胞形成细胞裂解后，一种晶体被释放出来，形成自由的伴胞晶体，另一种在芽胞外壁内侧形成，成熟后被包裹在芽胞外壁以内不脱落，始终和芽胞粘连在一起。

Puffballs are named for the fact that puffs of spores are released when the dry and powdery tissues of the mature spherical fruiting body (basidiocarp) are disturbed.

马勃菌因其成熟球形果体（担果）的乾粉状组织摇晃时会释出大量粉尘似的而得名。