Squamous cell carcinoma, as you can tell by its name, arises from squamous epithelium.

鳞状细胞癌（鳞癌）正如其名，来源于鳞状细胞。

A perforation becomes permanent when its edges are covered by squamous epithelium and it does not heal spontaneously.

当穿孔边缘被鳞状盖且不能自动愈合时，穿孔就成为永久性。

Finally, at the lower esophageal sphincter, the squamous epithelium joins the columnar gastric epithelium to form the gastroesophageal junction.

最后，在下括约肌处，鳞状移行为胃柱状，形成了胃-交界区。

They're actually tucked into tiny pockets hidden behind the stratified squamous epithelial cells on your tongue.

它们实际被藏在舌头复层鳞状细胞后面小口袋里。

Squamous cells are flat. Their name means " scale, " and they look kind of squished, like fish scales.

鳞状细胞是平。它们名字意思是“鳞片”，它们看起来有点压了，就像鱼鳞一样。

When this happens, squamous cells start dividing uncontrollably, and more mutations accumulate with each division.

当基因突变发生，鳞状细胞开始不受控地分裂，随着每一次分裂，新突变还会继续积累。

So its mucosa is made up of stratified squamous epithelium, which is better equipped to resist abrasion from food going down.

因此，其粘膜是由复层鳞状构成，能较好地抵御物对磨损。

The first type of epithelium is called keratinized stratified squamous epithelium.

第一种名叫角化复层鳞状。

But that's not to say that squamous cell and basal cell carcinomas aren't problematic.

但这并不意味着鳞状细胞癌和基底细胞癌就不成问题。

And I think to everyone's surprise, it was a squamous cell carcinoma, which is also a slow growing cancer.

而且令所有人惊讶是，那竟是一种鳞状细胞癌，这也是一种生长缓慢癌症。

Arthur felt mobile waves of hope running the length of its squamous body from head to tail.

阿瑟感到鳞光闪闪这条鱼浑身下从头到尾涌动着一股求生愿望。

And I should say that basal and squamous cell carcinomas are very, very common.

我应该指出，基底细胞癌和鳞状细胞癌非常常见。

Wearing sunscreen helps protect against the development of all three types of skin cancer: basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma.

基底细胞癌、鳞状癌、和黑色素瘤。

In chronic laryngitis the normal columnar cells undergo dysplasia, which is when they transform into squamous epithelium to adapt to the chronic irritation.

慢性喉炎中，正常柱状细胞异型增生转变为鳞状细胞，来适应慢性刺激。

So this one study found somewhere between a 60 and 80 percent reduction in basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas.

因此，这项研究发现，基底细胞癌和鳞状细胞癌发病率降低了60%到80%之间。

NR and or NMN reduce the risk that significantly of squamous cell and basal cell carcinomas?

NR 或 NMN 是否能显著降低鳞状细胞癌和基底细胞癌风险？

Squamous cell cancers arise from squamous cells that undergo genetic mutations that either activate proto-oncogenes or inactivate tumor suppressor genes.

鳞状细胞癌产生于经历了基因突变鳞状细胞，基因突变可能激活原癌基因、或使抑癌基因失活。

A second type of epithelium is non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, and it contains cells that don't produce much keratin, making this layer less tough.

第二种是未角化复层鳞状，其细胞产生角质较少，故这层结构相对比较脆弱。

Those squamous cells are a dime a dozen. There's still lots of layers left. Plus, epithelial tissue regenerates really quickly.

那些鳞状细胞可以说是一打一毛钱。还有很多层。另外，组织再生非常快。

Because that's because each sac contains a cluster of alveoli, these tiny cavities lined with super thin, wet membranes made of simple squamous epithelium tissue.

因为这是因为每个囊包含一簇肺泡，这些微小空腔内衬着由简单鳞状组织制成超薄湿膜。