And one region we focus on is called the striatum.

我们关注的一个称为纹状。

And the brain's autopilot is in a structure called the striatum.

大脑的自动驾驶仪位于称为纹状的结构中。

In adults, a brain area called the striatum is known to handle the process of reinforcement.

在成年中，已知称为纹状的大脑以处理强化过程。

But the striatum is also a source of hope.

但纹状也是希望的源泉。

And the striatum is the key component of the reward system.

纹状是奖励系统的关键组成部分。

Because the striatum gives us a clue of how to bring people back.

因为纹状为我们提供了如何将们带回来的线索。

And when they played the game, it was mostly in the striatum that researchers saw activity.

当他们玩这个游戏时，研究员看到的主要是纹状的活动。

And the striatum and opioid signaling in it has been deeply linked with loneliness.

其中的纹状和阿片类信号与孤独感密切相关。

Now, Parkinson's disease develops when the neurons connecting the substantia nigra to the striatum progressively degenerate.

现在，当连接黑质的神经元纹状逐渐退化。

One area involved in habitual behavior is the striatum, which actually releases chemicals that inhibit the complex thinking part of your brain for that task.

习惯性行为涉及到的一个是纹状，释放化学物质来抑制脑中负责复杂思考回路的部分。

In addition to that, these same dopaminergic neurons also exert inhibitory effects on the excitatory cholinergic neurons in the striatum.

除此之外，多巴胺能神经元也有同样的抑制作用纹状的兴奋性胆碱能神经元。

So when you receive something that you find rewarding, your striatum is very responsive, and it releases something called dopamine.

因此，当你收到一些你觉得有价值的东西时，你的纹状反应非常灵敏， 释放一种叫做多巴胺的东西。

Since usually there's this balance of signaling between dopamine and acetylcholine, a loss of dopamine reaching the striatum increases the relative amount of acetylcholine signalling there.

由于多巴胺和乙酰胆碱之间有一种平衡，多巴胺减少的信号传到纹状，导致乙酰胆碱信号发出相应增加。

This drive to hang with pals may be due to changes in the brain's reward center, known as the ventral striatum.

这种想和朋友一起玩的冲动能是由于大脑奖励中心（称为腹侧纹状） 的变化所致。

Well, in all the learning tests, there was activity in the ventral striatum , which is part of the reward pathways in your brain.

好吧，在所有的学习测试中，腹侧纹状都有活动， 这是大脑奖励通路的一部分。

Over time, if enough of the neurons die in the caudate and putamen, which together form the dorsal striatum, then it can cause actual loss of brain tissue volume in that area and expansion of the lateral ventricles.

随着时间的推移，如果由尾状核和壳核构成的背侧纹状内死亡的神经元细胞越来越多，引起该的脑组织减少，进而导致侧脑室扩大。

Now, the neurons responsible for coordinating movement are located in a part of the brain called the striatum, which receives information from two major sources — the neocortex and a region known as the substantia nigra.

现在，负责协调运动的神经元位于大脑的一部分被称为纹状，接收来自两个主要来源的信息-大脑皮层和大脑皮层被称为黑质的。

But interestingly, if those offered a reward the first time are asked to participate again for no reward, scans show a decrease in activity in the anterior striatum and prefrontal areas，parts of the brain linked to self-motivation.

但有趣的是，如果那些第一次得到奖赏的被试在第二次必须无偿参与任务，他们的外侧纹状和前额激活降低，这部分脑与自我激励相关。

In her lab, Adriana does all kinds of research to understand this reward system, like using fMRI machines to study the brains of kids, adults and teens, specifically looking at the striatum to see what they find rewarding.

在她的实验室中， 阿德里安娜进行了各种研究来了解这种奖励系统，例如使用功能磁共振成像机器来研究儿童、成和青少年的大脑，特别是观察纹状以了解他们认为什么是奖励。

But the adolescents used both their striatum and another brain area, the hippocampus -- which handles certain kinds of memory -- and there was more communication between the striatum and the hippocampus in teens.

但是青少年同时使用了他们的纹状和另一个大脑， 海马—— 处理某些类型的记忆— — 而且青少年的纹状和海马之间有更多的交流。