That's thanks to something called plate tectonics.

这要归功于板块构学说。

It covered everything from the geochemistry to plate tectonics, to microscopic images of its rocks.

它涵盖了从地球化学到板块构，再到岩石的微观图像的所有内容。

The idea of sea-floor spreading actually preceded the theory of plate tectonics.

海床扩展说实际上早于板块结构理论。

Plate tectonics created heat and pressure, that produced rock lighter than the ocean floor.

地壳板块运动的不断加热挤压从海平面上升起大量岩石、陆地。

The tectonics trembled tons of stone and nearly decapitated a sculpture.

这些板块撼动了数吨的石，毁掉了一座雕塑。

Which means, I'm as old as plate tectonics.

这意味着，我板块构学一样老。

But it eventually split off in a process called plate tectonics.

但它最终在一种被称为板块构的过程中分裂出来。

" Earth, with plate tectonics and water, has this easy way of making granite all the time, " says planetary scientist Matthew Siegler of the Planetary Science Institute in Tucson, Arizona, who helped spot the granite on the moon.

亚利桑那州图森市行星科学研究所的行星科学家马修·西格勒帮助发现了月球上的花岗岩，他说：“地球有板块构，一直都很容易形成花岗岩。”

While plate tectonics are the dominant mechanism for generating new continental crust today, in the distant past Earth's subsurface temperatures are widely thought to have been too hot to allow plates to form.

虽然板块构是今天形成新的大陆地壳的主要机制，但在遥远的过去，人们普遍认为地球的地下温度太高，不能形成板块。

Those roaming the corridors in Boston between February 13th and 15th were treated to talks on everything from plate tectonics and ancient dna analysis to gene editing and nuclear power.

2月13日至15日期间，在波士顿走廊漫步的人们聆听了从板块构古代DNA分析到基因编辑核能等各方面的演讲。

You know, we've really only understood plate tectonics for the last 50 or so years, and we have carbon and water and other volatiles moving between the Earth's surface and interior in this very dynamic system.

我们是在过去 50 年左右才真正了解了板块构：我们有碳、其它挥发性物质在地球表面内部这个非常动态的系统中移动。

So what about the interior of the Earth? Beneath the Earth's crust is the mantle, which is responsible for plate tectonics, and therefore earthquakes. Is it a solid or a liquid?

那么地球内部是什么呢？在地壳下面是地幔，它是固态还是液态的？

If you enjoyed the video that you just watch, then I would strongly recommend their course titled " The Joy of Science, " which includes lectures on volcanic activity, earthquakes, and plate tectonics.

如果你喜欢刚看的这个视频，我向你强烈推荐他们的课程《趣味科学》，课程内容包括火山活动、地震板块结构学。

That surface is notably smooth and relatively free from impact craters, which suggests it is regularly renewed by processes a bit like plate tectonics on Earth.

欧罗巴表面非常光滑，相对没有撞击坑，这表明它定期通过类似地球板块构的过程进行更新。

Of course, the dinosaurs who were in charge at the time knew nothing of the theory of plate tectonics that were about to drive them apart.

当然，当时主宰地球的恐龙对即将把它们分隔开来的板块构理论一无所知。

To find out, scientists went to one of the few massive craters on Earth not erased by plate tectonics: the Sudbury crater in Canada.

为了找到答案，科学家前往地球上未被板块构运动消除的个大型陨石坑之一——加拿大的萨德伯里陨石坑。

Although many scientists were skeptical, the idea was eventually accepted and played a critical role in establishing the theory of plate tectonics.

尽管许多科学家对此持怀疑态度，但这一观点最终被接受，并在板块构理论的建立过程中发挥了关键作用。

Without tectonics, slow bubbling leaks of lava from the interior of the planet can continue in one spot for a long time.

在没有构运动的情况下，星球内部缓慢冒出的岩浆可以在一个地方持续很长一段时间。

These external forces began at the end of the Mesozoic, when plate tectonics caused the uplift of mountains in North America and Asia.

这些外部力量始于中生代末期，当时板块构成了北美洲亚洲的山脉抬升。

On the Moon, there are no continental plate tectonics.

在月球上没有大陆板块运动。