Essential amino acids, or EAAs, are amino acids that our body needs but cannot produce on its own, and there are 9 of them: Histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, and valine.

基本基，简称 EAA，是我们身体需要但不能自己产生的基，有 9 种：组，异亮，亮，赖，蛋，苯丙，苏，色和缬。

Among these are serine and threonine residues which are O-linked glycosylated, meaning they have a sugar molecule, specifically galactose, attached to their oxygen.

有丝和苏残基，是o链糖基化的，这意味着它们的氧上有一个糖分子，半乳糖居多。

In IgA nephropathy, though, there is abnormal glycosylation of these serine and threonine residues, causing them to be galactose-deficient.

而在IgA肾病，有一系列丝、苏残基异常糖基化，导致它们无法连接半乳糖。

For example, the essential amino acid, we'll just pick a brain one, tryptophan for serotonin production, or threonine for mucin production in the gut, which helps the gut lining, or, you know, take your pick, phenylalanine.

例如， 必需基，我们随便选一个， 色用于血清素的生成，或者苏用于肠道黏液的生成，这有助于保护肠壁，或者是苯丙。