Essential amino acids, or EAAs, are amino acids that our body needs but cannot produce on its own, and there are 9 of them: Histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, and valine.

酸，简称 EAA，是我们身体需要但不能自己产生酸，其中有 9 种：组酸，异亮酸，亮酸，赖酸，蛋酸，苯丙酸，苏酸，色酸和缬酸。

Among these are serine and threonine residues which are O-linked glycosylated, meaning they have a sugar molecule, specifically galactose, attached to their oxygen.

其中有丝酸和苏酸残，是o链糖化，这意味着它们有一个糖分子，半乳糖居多。

In IgA nephropathy, though, there is abnormal glycosylation of these serine and threonine residues, causing them to be galactose-deficient.

而在IgA肾病中，有一系列丝酸、苏酸残异常糖化，导致它们无法连接半乳糖。

For example, the essential amino acid, we'll just pick a brain one, tryptophan for serotonin production, or threonine for mucin production in the gut, which helps the gut lining, or, you know, take your pick, phenylalanine.

例如， 必需酸，我们随便选一个， 色酸用于血清素生成，或者苏酸用于肠道黏液生成，这有助于保护肠壁，或者是苯丙酸。