And it's what's called a topological invariant.

也是一种拓。

A topological insulator acts like both at the same time, which we used to think was impossible!

一个拓绝缘体就像两个同时起作用，而这在过去被我们认为是可能的。

All right, let's begin. Show of hands, who here is familiar with the concept of topological insulators?

好吧 开始上课 请举手告诉我 在座的哪位对拓绝缘体的概念比较熟悉？

Turns out, quantum vortices also involved in an entirely new topological phase transition discovered by these two physicists!

事实证明，这两位物理学家发现的一个全新的拓相中也涉及到了涡旋！

The topological properties of subatomic particles could also transform quantum computing.

亚原粒的拓特性也可改计算。

But in some exotic topological phases, the subatomic particles can become protected.

但在一些奇异的拓相中，亚原粒可受到保护。

Now you don't have to worry about what a topological qubit is.

现在您必担心什么是拓位。

What's really weird--One really weird finding about these lobes is that they include topological maps.

真正奇怪的是——关于这些波瓣的一个非常奇怪的发现是它们包含拓图。

We're taking a very different approach to our qubit, which is based on this topological qubit.

我们对我们的比特采取了一种非常同的方法， 它基于这个拓比特。

These topological qubits would be more stable, leading to more accurate computation and a better quantum computer.

这些拓位会更稳定，从而导致更准确的计算和更好的计算机。

Topological properties don't change when an object is gradually stretched or bent.

当对象逐渐拉伸或弯曲时，拓属性会改。

One example is called a topological insulator.

一个例叫做拓绝缘体。

But the Nobel Laureates discovered that topological properties do exist at the quantum level.

但诺贝尔奖获得者发现，拓性质确实存在于层面。

Nowadays, scientists are working to develop topological insulators, and some think they could be as important for future technologies as semiconductors are today.

当前，科学家们正在致力于研发拓绝缘体。其中有些人认为拓绝缘体对于未来的技术就像今天的半导体一样重要。

Thouless and the final winner, Duncan Haldane, are both also using topology to pave the way for a new kind of material: topological insulators.

索利斯及最后一位的获奖者邓肯·霍尔丹都用拓学为一种新物质——拓绝缘体开辟了道路。

So this year's Nobel Laureates have pioneered some important research into molecular machines and topological materials, and it looks like there's a lot more on the horizon!

因此，今年的诺贝尔奖获得者在分机器和拓材料方面开启了一些重要研究。而看起来还有更多研究在即将露面。

So this year’s Nobel Laureates have pioneered some important research into molecular machines and topological materials, and it looks like there’s a lot more on the horizon!

因此，今年的诺贝尔奖获得者率先开展了分机器和拓材料的一些重要研究，而且看起来还有更多！

Duncan Haldane, and Michael Kosterlitz won the award for discovering that even microscopic matter at the smallest scale can exhibit macroscopic properties and phases that are topological.

邓肯·霍尔丹 (Duncan Haldane) 和迈克尔·科斯特里茨 (Michael Kosterlitz) 因发现即使是最小尺度的微观物质也能表现出宏观性质和拓相而获奖。

They then used their topological algorithm to figure out which areas were inaccessible by roads, then generated the most cost effective ways to build roads and connect them to outside services.

然后，他们使用拓算法找出哪些区域无法通过道路进入，然后生成最具成本效益的方法来修建道路并将它们连接到外部服务。

The edge of such a topological insulator has perfect electron transport: no electrons travel backward, no energy is lost as heat, and the number of conducting pathways can even be controlled.

这种拓绝缘体的边缘具有完美的电传输：没有电向后移动，没有能作为热损失，甚至可控制导电通路的数。