Wernerians thought strata were deposits from shrinking seas, but James Hutton proposed a self-maintaining infinite cycle, anticipating uniformitarianism.
The old slow and steady idea called uniformitarianism now stood alongside a new idea called catastrophism, where rapid and violent events could sometimes shape Earth's geology in ways that slower processes couldn't explain.
为地层是收
的海洋的沉
，
詹姆
战斗
成了灾难主义和
。
而稳定
