Chronic gout can eventually lead to permanent deposits of urate crystals—called tophi, which form along the bones just beneath the skin.

慢性痛风最终会导致酸结晶的永久性沉积，形成痛风石，附于骨头，止于皮。

So cockroaches don't actually pee, they just or they pee very little, they just secrete those urates and they recycle them.

蟑螂实际上并不排，或者排，它们只是分泌酸盐并将循环利用。

At a physiologic pH of about 7.4, uric acid loses a proton and becomes a urate ion, which then binds sodium and forms monosodium urate crystals.

在生理环境，的pH值约为7.4，此时酸会失去一个质子，变为酸离子；酸离子与钠离子结合，形成单钠酸盐结晶。

At a physiologic pH, uric acid loses a proton and becomes a urate ion, which then binds sodium, forming monosodium urate which crystallizes and ultimately forms uric acid stones.

生理PH值，酸失去一个质子变成酸盐离子，随之与钠结合，形成单钠酸盐，结晶后最终形成酸结石。

Individuals with chronic gout are also at an increased risk for developing kidney stones made of uric acid, as well as urate nephropathy, which is when urate crystals deposit in the interstitium of the kidney.

慢性痛风的病人罹患酸性肾结石以及酸性肾病的风险也会升高；酸性肾病中，酸结晶沉积于肾脏间质。

They've adapted these very ornate structures for amplifying this behavior, for attracting females using their urates and having females feed on their urates for longer.

它们已经演化出这些非常复杂的结构，用于放大这种行为：通过酸吸引雌性，并让雌性更长时间地取食它们的酸。