Chronic gout can eventually lead to permanent deposits of urate crystals—called tophi, which form along the bones just beneath the skin.

慢性痛风最致酸结晶的永久性沉积，形成痛风石，附于骨头，止于皮下。

At a physiologic pH of about 7.4, uric acid loses a proton and becomes a urate ion, which then binds sodium and forms monosodium urate crystals.

生理环境下，体液的pH值约为7.4，此时酸失去一个质，变为酸；酸与钠结合，形成单钠酸盐结晶。

At a physiologic pH, uric acid loses a proton and becomes a urate ion, which then binds sodium, forming monosodium urate which crystallizes and ultimately forms uric acid stones.

生理PH值下，酸失去一个质变成酸盐，随之与钠结合，形成单钠酸盐，结晶后最形成酸结石。

Individuals with chronic gout are also at an increased risk for developing kidney stones made of uric acid, as well as urate nephropathy, which is when urate crystals deposit in the interstitium of the kidney.

慢性痛风的病人罹患酸性肾结石以及酸性肾病的风险也升高；酸性肾病中，酸结晶沉积于肾脏间质。