The indication of these procedures and the methods of lymph node dissection, bronchoplasty and pulmonary artery reconstruction, and superior vena cava reconstruction have been discussed.
Conclusion We believe that LDLT combined with posthepatic IVC reconstruction using cryopreserved vena cava graft is considered to be a sound modality for IVC obstructed BCS.
Among them locally advanced lung cancer in 6 cases,malignant thymoma in 3,seminoma in 1,Hodgkin lymphoma in 1,metastatic squama cancer in and angusty of superior vena cava in 1.
Figure 9. Case 7. Additional vessel (purple) behind the 4-chamber view next to the aorta (red). This vessel represents an azygous or hemizygous continuation of an interrupted inferior vena cava.
Lastly, G is for great vessels which includes the superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, ascending aorta, aortic arch, pulmonary artery, and descending aorta.