Pterosaurs were the first vertebrates to master flight.

翼龙是最早掌握飞行的脊椎动物。

That is basically what it means to be a vertebrate.

这基本上就是脊椎动物的含义。

Snakes are also vertebrates, which means that they have a backbone.

蛇类也是脊椎动物，说明它们有脊椎骨。

The smallest fish, the stout infant fish, and the smallest recorded vertebrate, this tiny little frog.

最小的鱼，粗壮的幼鱼，还有有记录的最小的脊椎动物，这种小青蛙。

Large females are extremely aggressive and can easily kill scorpions or even small vertebrates like lizards.

大型的雌性极有攻击性能够轻易地杀死蝎子甚至像蜥蜴一样的小型脊椎动物。

The octopus isn't a vertebrate so it can change its form and its shape very easily.

章鱼并是脊椎动物，所以它可以轻易改变它的外形和形状。

Bulkier vertebrates have to have more massive bones.

体积较大的脊椎动物必须有更大的骨骼。

These were the ancestors of today's land vertebrates – animals such as amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals.

它们是如今陆地脊椎动物的祖先，如两栖动物、爬行动物、鸟类和哺乳动物。

By human standards, a few vertebrate species have incredible longevity.

按照人类的标准，有一些脊椎动物的寿命长得令人难以置信。

Cephalopods may have evolved complex brains long before our vertebrate relatives.

头足类或许比我们的脊椎动物近亲更早演杂的脑部。

Egg-laying vertebrates all have at least one copy of this gene.

卵生动物，脊椎动物都至少有这个基因的一个副本。

The researchers say the acanthothoracid was one of the earliest jawed vertebrates with teeth ever to live.

研究人员表示，acanthothoracid是有史以来最早的有牙齿的颚脊椎动物之一。

But, of the vertebrates unpredictable Nature selected only snakes (and one lizard).

然而，在脊椎动物中，大自然神秘模测地只选择了蛇（还有一种蜥蜴）。

And that's completely brand new to science in any vertebrate animal.

这对任何脊椎动物学来说，都是全新的发现。”

" That still makes the Greenland shark the longest-living vertebrate known to science."

“尽管如此，格陵兰鲨鱼仍是迄今为止科学界发现的最为长寿的脊椎动物。”

In vertebrates, it is composed of blood cells suspended in blood plasma.

在脊椎动物中，它是由悬浮在血浆中的血细胞组成的。

But it has a large nervous system in a range comparable to vertebrates.

但是它有庞大的神经系统，范围可以跟脊椎动物相当。

But mammals are distinguished from other vertebrates by a number of shared features.

但是哺乳动物与其他脊椎动物的 同之处在于以下这些共同特征。

That would make it the largest concentration of land vertebrates anywhere on Earth.

这是地球上陆生脊椎动物密度最高的地方。

So do many other vertebrate animals, including snakes, dogs, cats, sharks, and chimpanzees.

其他脊椎动物也是如此，包括蛇、狗、猫、鲨鱼和黑猩猩。