He tended to dismiss adversaries as fools, rather than as merely mistaken, or half-right.

将自己的对手看成是个个的傻子也不意将们当成只是有点点的学过失或对学方面是解的人。

This makes you realize which part you understand and where you still have gaps whenever you get stuck go back to study and repeat that process until you have explained the whole topic from start to end.

这让你意识到你理解了哪部分，哪里还有差距，当你还有解的地方，回到学习，重复这个过程，直到你把整个话题从头到尾解释完。

I think that's him probably just getting a little excited about all the different countries that he has brought peace to in his imagination and maybe a little shallow knowledge of geography.

我认为这可能是在想象中对自己带来和平的众多国家感到有点兴奋，同时也可能暴露了对地理识的解。