He tended to dismiss adversaries as fools, rather than as merely mistaken, or half-right.

他宁愿将自己的对手看个个的傻子也不愿意将他们当有的学术过失或对学术方面知半解的人。

This makes you realize which part you understand and where you still have gaps whenever you get stuck go back to study and repeat that process until you have explained the whole topic from start to end.

这让你意识到你理解了哪部分，哪里还有差距，当你还有知半解的地方，回到学习，重复这个过程，直到你把整个话题从头到尾解释完。