Interestingly, one of the most effective antipsychotic drugs, clozapine, is a weak D2 antagonist, suggesting that other neurotransmitter systems like norepinephrine, serotonin, and GABA are involved.

有趣的是，最有效的抗精病药之一，氯氮平，是一种弱D2受体拮抗剂；这提示其它经递质系统，比如去甲肾上腺素、5-羟色胺、γ-酸也与疾病有关。

Gamma-amino butyric acid, or GABA, for example, is a chemical thatshuts down nerve cells.

如γ-酸或伽马酸，都是可以使经细胞关闭的化学物质。

Sanatech Seed has already started accepting online orders for Sicilian Rouge High GABA tomatoes.

Sanatech Seed 公司已经开始接收订购" 高伽马酸西西里胭脂" 西红柿的线上订单。

GAD helps make gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), which regulates motor neurons in the brain.

谷酸脱羧酶有助于制造γ-酸（GABA），它调节大脑中的运动经元。

And from animal studies, we know that alcohol stimulates the release of the neurotransmitter GABA, short for gamma-aminobutyric acid, which is an inhibitory neurotransmitter, meaning it makes neurons a little less likely to fire.

从动物研究中，我知道精会刺激经递质 GABA 的释放，这是γ-酸的缩写，它是一种抑制性经递质，意味着它可以使经元不太可能激活。

Others have a variation in GABA transmission that makes them especially sensitive to the sedative effects of alcohol, which decreases their risk of developing disordered drinking.

还有人会因为酸传导的变异，导致对精的镇静作用非常灵敏，而这会降低他的可能性。

After that happens, the liver turns the fatty acids into ketone bodies, like acetoacetic acid and beta hydroxybutyric acid; acetoacetic acid is a ketoacid because it has a ketone group and a carboxylic acid group.

此后，肝把脂肪酸转化成酮体，比如乙酰乙酸、β-羟酸；乙酰乙酸是一种酮酸，因为它有酮团和羧酸团。

And any given odorant, like this pizza, is made up of hundreds of different chemicals that you can smell, like the thymol of the oregano, the butyric acid of the cheese, and the acetylpyrazine of the crust.

任何特定的气味，比如这个披萨，是由你能闻到的数百种不同的化学物质组成的，比如牛至的百里香酚，奶酪的酸，和外皮的乙酰吡嗪。

So with a lesion, which just means some kind of abnormality, the ability of some of these neurons to receive GABA might be impaired.

有了病灶，意味着某种异常，那些经元接受GABA(γ-酸)的能力受损。

When alcohol reaches the brain, it binds to GABA receptors and produces the same effects, relaxing and calming people down.

当精到达大脑时，就会和酸受体结合并产生让人放松镇定的效果。

Turns out it suppresses glutamate transmission and enhances GABA transmission, so you get less excitation and more inhibition.

结果证明它可以抑制谷酸的传递并增强伽玛酸的传递，因此兴奋波减少，抑制作用增强。

The substantia nigra actually can be split into two sub-regions.

黑质可以被分为两个亚区：First， there’s the pars reticulata， which receives signals from another part of the basal ganglia called the striatum 纹状体， which is a term for the caudate and putamen put together， and relays messages to the thalamus via neurons rich in the neurotransmitter GABA， also known as gamma-aminobutyric acid. 首先是网状部，可以接受底节另一部分纹状体发来的信号；纹状体由尾状核和壳核组成，可以通过富含经递质GABA的经元传递信号到丘脑，其中GABA即γ－酸。

If there's less GABA, the neurons overreact, leading to the spasms.

如果γ-酸减少，则经元反应过度，导致痉挛。

Beta hydroxybutyric acid on the other hand, even though it's still one of the ketone bodies, isn't technically a ketoacid since its ketone group has been reduced to a hydroxyl group.

而β-羟酸虽说也是酮体，但却不是酮酸，因为它的酮团被还原成了羟。

Glutamate begins a wave of excitation while GABA not only inhibits this flow, but helps to organize and differentiate the results in your brain.

谷酸挑起兴奋波，而伽玛酸不仅抑制这种波动，而且有助于组织和区分大脑中的结果。

This new type of tomato contains five to six times the normal level of a type of amino acid called gamma-aminobutyric acid, or GABA.

这种新型西红柿所含的伽马酸水平是普通西红柿的五到六倍。

Alcohol turns up the brain's primary brake, the neurotransmitter GABA, and turns down its primary gas, the neurotransmitter glutamate.

精会给大脑踩刹车，即提升酸水平，使大脑更镇静；同时给大脑松油门，即降低谷酸水平，减弱兴奋度。

Gamma-aminobutyric acid, aka GABA, is a neurotransmitter that blocks certain signals in the brain, thus producing a calming effect.

GABA 全称是伽玛酸，它是一种能够拦截大脑特定信号从而产生镇定效果的经传递素。

The small orange-colored " fruit" is, in fact, ginkgo seeds, which have several layers. The fresh outer layer has butyric acid, the main source of the smell.

银杏果有好几层外皮，新鲜的外果皮含有酸——也是它臭味的主要来源。

In conjunction the increased GABA hushes the excessive background noise of activity fine tuning and clarifying your thoughts, but to an excessive degree.

与此同时，增加的伽玛酸使过多的背景活动噪音安静下来，恰当地调整和缕清你的思绪。但是，这一行为抑制过度。