Absenteeism and lateness hurt productivity and, since work was specialized, disrupted the regular factory routine.

既然工厂生产已经专业，旷工与迟到就会降低劳动生产率，也会影响工厂的正常运转。

Yet they succeeded in developing their metabolism and specialising.

然而，它们成功地发展出了自己的新陈代谢和专业功能。

In school and in the workplace, the popular opinion is the idea of specialization.

在学校和工作单位，普遍的观点就是“专业”。

In every field, knowledge has exploded, but it has brought complexity, it has brought specialization.

在每个领域，知识量呈爆炸式增长，这带来了复杂性和专业。

And for thousands of years of human history, specialization was, well, pretty minimal.

专业在数千年的人类历中显得很渺小。

Without specialization, if you want something, you have to make it yourself.

在没有专业的情况下，你想要什么都必须亲力亲为。

That is, in order to make more money or get promoted, you need to specialize.

也就是说，为了挣更多的钱或者能升职，你需要更加专业。

In fact, at the time the biggest of specialization were phrenologists.

事实上，当时专业程的是骨相学家。

But as human cultures and occupations became more diverse and specialized, so did our friends.

但随着人类文和职业变得更加多样和专业，我们的朋友也发生了相应的变。

It is performed using highly specialized equipment that only some hospitals have.

它需要使用只有某些医院才配有的专业的设备。

They discovered that the birds have a highly specialized strategy for staying aloft.

他们发现，军舰鸟的空飞行拥有专业的策略。

Yet plenty fought back, becoming much more professional outfits.

但是很多又以更加专业的面貌回归市场。

It’s also highly specialized, so you’ll give up other career tracks.

它也是专业的，所以你会 放弃其他职业轨道。

He uses highly specialized mountaineering techniques to climb these trees.

他利用专业的登山技术来攀爬这些树木。

The cars are stronger, more powerful and specially fitted for operations on specialized, competitive racetracks.

这些赛车更坚固、更强劲，而且是专门为在专业、竞争激烈的赛道上行驶而设计的。

They can teach classes that are highly specialized.

他们可以教授专业的课程。

You're into the whole squalid world of professional management.

你就进入了专业管理的肮脏世界。

Now, this specialization decreases the the marginal cost of each pizza.

这种专业减少了每个披萨的边际成本。

But specialization was only one of a series of related developments in science affecting the process of communication.

但是专业仅是科学领域内一系列影响交流过程的有关现象之一。

Cities and countries can specialize, too.

城市与国家也可以专业。