We're all about cell specialization, and compartmentalizing our bodies.

我们需要对细胞专门化，以及对我们的身体进行分部。

They suggest that as early humans evolved, a gene mutant popped up that threw a whole bunch of our brain's functions to one side and allowed them to specialize.

他们认为，在人类的早期进化过程中，出现一个基因突变，把我们脑的一整串功能抛向一边，让它们专门化。

As the self became more involved with objectivity, the subconscious, of itself, began the formation of the consciousness, which evolved as portions of it became specialized for the purpose of out-terialization.

当己与客观性越来越密切时，潜意识，本身，开始意识的形成，随着部分意识的专门化以达到外化(out-terialization)的目的，意识的形成随之演化。

After all, if the brain was specialized you couldn't lose a lot of brain tissue and still be mostly fine.

毕竟，脑各区是专门化的，你不可能在失去量的脑组织的同时，还能基本上运作正常。

By specialising, they can then export these surpluses to each other and both end up better off.

通过专门化，各国能将剩余出口给别国，这样每个国家都能受益。

And muscle cells also have their own version of an endoplasmic reticulum — the cell's transport and storage system — but in this case it's specialized, so it gets a special name: the sarcoplasmic reticulum.

肌肉细胞有己的内质网——细胞的运输和储存系统——但在这种情况下，它是专门化的，所以它有一个特殊的名字：肌质网。

Those genes have duplicated and specialized throughout our aromatic evolution, and they're found on all but two of your chromosomes.

这些基因在我们芳香的进化过程中一直重复和专门化，除了两条染色体没有，其他染色体都有这些基因。

The fetal stem cells had lodged in her liver and specialized as liver cells.

胎儿干细胞已经寄宿在她的肝脏中，并专门化为肝细胞。

Slow,   specialised systems requiring experts to use them.

缓慢的、专门化的系统，需要专家才能使用它们。

In 1981, with David Hubel and Torsten Wiesel, he was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physiology and Medicine for his work on his split-brain theory, which showed that the left and right hemispheres had separate specializations.

1981年，斯佩里与卫·休伯尔和托尔斯坦·威塞尔共同获得了诺贝尔生理学或医学奖，以表彰他在分裂脑理论上的工作，该理论表明左右半球有不同的专门化功能。

The world is a rare example of a specialized David holding its own in a world-dominated by generalist Goliath like Netflix and Disney An obstacle to further growth may be flesh and blood says Iwaki.

这个世界是一个罕见的例子，专门化的“卫”在这个被像Netflix和迪士尼这样的“通用型巨人”主导的世界中站稳了脚跟。伊武崎表示，进一步增长的障碍可能是人力问题。

You can say, well, I'm suffering a deficit with Hebei province, but you have other means to specialize and also to exercise your own comparative advantage through the basic division of labor.

你可以说，好吧，我和河北省有贸易逆差，但你可以通过基本的劳动分工来专门化和发挥己的比较优势， 从而找到其他解决办法。

So why has it become unbundled and how does thinking about these as small businesses that do specialized things in the chain change how we think about the small boats problem?

那么，为什么它会被拆分，以及将这些视为在链条中进行专门化操作的小企业，何改变我们对小船问题的看法？

It is that variability of protein composition which permits the division of labour and specialisation of function that have allowed complex multicellular organisms such as human beings to evolve.

正是蛋白质组成的可变性允许劳动分工和功能专门化，使复杂的多细胞生物（人类）得以进化。

British researcher John Gurdon proves that cell specialisation can be reversed to create an organism using the nucleus of a mature cell, paving the way for cloning.

英国研究人员约翰·古尔登证明， 细胞的专门化可以被逆转， 利用成熟细胞的细胞核来创造一个生物体，为克隆铺平了道路。

Encourage pluripotent cell lines to specialize and generate particular tissue types such as cerebral cortex cells, which if handled correctly can be grown into organoids.

鼓励多能细胞系专门化并生成特定的组织类型， 例脑皮层细胞，处理得当， 这些细胞可以长成类器官。

I mean, I'm curious about two things, what you make of that, and also why the issue of hemispheric specialization gripped you so much.

我的意思是， 我对两件事感到好奇，一是你对此的看法， 二是为什么脑半球的功能专门化这个问题让你此着迷。

So the norm is this kind of generalized system, which is actually a safer system than the specialization, but it's a trade-off.

因此， 普遍采用的是这种广谱系统，它实际上比专门化系统更为安全，但这是一种权衡。

However, there are specific environments in which they cannot thrive, as the environment may be just too specialized for them to succeed.

然而，在某些特定环境中， 它们无法茁壮成长，因为环境可能过于专门化， 使它们难以成功。

They develop more specificity so that I might have suddenly a lot more cells in my brain devoted to helping me.

它们会变得更加专门化，因此我脑中可能突然会有更多细胞专门帮助我。