But each of those lineages evolved independently of each other.

但每个世系都是独立演化的。

And the branches represent all the different lineages that diverged from common ancestors.

而枝干代表所有不同的世系，这些谱系是从共同的祖先化而来的。

And we were able to find species that had independently evolved monogamy in each of these lineages.

“我们能每个世系找到独立进化出一夫一妻制的物种。”

Since then, no horses outside this lineage have been permitted to enter the bloodline. That's a problem.

自那时起，这一世系外的马匹都不允许进入这一血统。这是个问题。

And the British lineage, which uses a two-handed manual alphabet, eventually made it to Australia, New Zealand and India.

而使用双手手语字母的英国世系，最终传到了澳大利亚、新西兰和印度。

But while this lineage has largely died out, remnants of it live on in Icelandic Sign Language today.

但是，虽然这一世系已基本绝迹，但残余今仍留存冰岛手语。

Akhenaten was the one exception in a 2,000-year line of conformist pharaohs.

阿肯那顿是 2000 年墨守成规法老世系的唯一例外。

In the more than 300 years since, all British monarchs have descended from this line.

此后的 300 多年里， 所有英国君主都出自这一世系。

They split into many families and lineages evolving further or disappearing again.

它们裂成许多家族和世系，进一步演化或再次消失。

And then, you know, there's those lineage names, like Jorgensen, son of Jorgen, right?

然后，你知道，还有那些世系名称， 比如 Jorgen， Jorgen 的儿子， 对吧？

Okay, well, I come from a line of WASPs so long it leads back to Moses.

好吧，好吧，我来自一个 WASP 世系，时间很长，它可以追溯到摩西。

William gave England  a mostly stable line of kings and moved the country closer to continental Europe.

威廉给了英格兰一个基本稳定的国王世系，并使这个国家更接近欧洲大陆。

Remembering these tales was essential because many of them established the genealogy of a family or clan.

记住这些故事关重要，因为许多确立了一个家族或氏族的世系。

Power says manual alphabets from Austria, France and Spain could be traced back to one-handed manual alphabets from 16th- and 17th-century Spain.

鲍尔表示，奥地利、法国和西班牙世系的手语字母可追溯到16世纪和17世纪西班牙的单手手语字母。

They’ve traced their ancestry to Scotland.

【trace】他们将自己的世系追溯到了苏格兰。

He was also the Duke of Lancaster, so this was really the beginning of the Lancastrian line of kings.

他同时也是兰开斯特公爵，因此这标志着兰开斯特王朝国王世系的真正开端。

Mark was their first pope, and the first in an unbroken line of Coptic popes, stretching back nearly 2,000 years.

马克是他们的第一位教皇，也是科普特教皇不间断世系的第一位，可以追溯到将近 2000 年前。

If your Italian family lineage goes through an ancestor who was a minor when their parent naturalized, how does this affect you?

如果你的意大利家族世系有一位祖先未成年时父母完成了归化手续，这会如何影响你？

And that's where we get this most commonly used name for the empire, the Achaemenid Empire, is from Darius's retooling of that genealogy.

而我们常用的帝国名称，阿契尼德帝国，就是源自大流士对那段世系的重新诠释。

It is not the only trace of Old English in the Florida interior, for the backwoods people come of a line that stems back to Chaucer.

这并不是佛罗里达州内陆唯一的古英语痕迹，因为偏远地区的人们起源于可以追溯到乔叟的世系。