But governments have also sought the mantle of gifts when compensating their employees For example, land grants to hereditary nobility were usually presented as gifts, yet these were false gifts because the grant was as a rule revocable.

但政府在工时， 也试图披上礼物的外衣。例如，给予世袭贵族的土地赠与通常被当作礼物，但实际上些是伪礼物， 因为赠与通常可以被撤销。

The tragedy is enacted with as continual a repetition as that of a popular drama on a holiday, and, nevertheless, is felt as deeply, perhaps, as when an hereditary noble sinks below his order.

悲剧不断重复上演，就像节日里流行的戏剧一样，尽管如此，人们对它的受仍然很深，也许就像一个世袭贵族在他的命令下堕落一样。

The hereditary nobility of his blood provided a rigid code which would not permit him to conceive of his work in terms of the German people rather than in terms of Prussian kings.

他的世袭贵族血统提供了一个严格的准则，不允许他根据德国人民而不是普鲁士国王来构想他的作品。

He was also a member of the Society of Cincinnati, an organisation dedicated to the welfare of veteran soldiers which critics argued was the breeding ground for a hereditary military aristocracy.

他还是辛辛那提协会的，是一个致力于退伍军人福利的组织， 批评者认为它是滋生世袭军事贵族的温床。

OK. My question for Stephen is how many hereditary peers will be left in the House of Lords after the legislation to throw them all out has passed?

好的，我的问题是：在通过将所有世袭贵族逐出上议院的立法之后，上议院中还会剩下多少世袭贵族？

But it's absolutely thrilling because we're still having debates about whether we should abolish the House of Lords' hereditary peers.

但绝对令人兴奋，因为我们仍在争论是否应该废除上议院的世袭贵族。

Scotch thanes, in Scotland, members of a rank between ordinary freemen and hereditary nobles.

苏格兰领主，在苏格兰，是介于普通自由人和世袭贵族之间的阶层。